Table 2. Odds ratio (OR) for nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease according to prior TB† history, comorbidities and anti-rheumatic medication use.
| Comorbidities/Exposure | NTM Case (n = 50) | Control (n = 500) | Crude OR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted* OR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prior TB† history | 17 (34.0%) | 42 (8.4%) | 5.62 (2.89 to 10.92) | <0.001 | 5.58 (2.47 to 12.62) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Hypertension | 26 (52.0%) | 124 (24.8%) | 3.28 (1.82 to 5.93) | <0.001 | 2.55 (1.22 to 5.34) | 0.013 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 15 (30.0%) | 56 (11.2%) | 3.40 (1.75 to 6.61) | <0.001 | 3.31 (1.43 to 7.65) | 0.005 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 12 (24.0%) | 53 (10.6%) | 2.66 (1.31 to 5.41) | 0.007 | 1.65 (0.71 to 3.82) | 0.241 |
| Interstitial Lung Disease | 11 (22.0%) | 19 (3.8%) | 7.14 (3.17 to 16.07) | <0.001 | 8.22 (3.05 to 22.17) | <0.001 |
| COPD† | 9 (18.0%) | 13 (2.6%) | 8.22 (3.32 to 20.38) | <0.001 | 8.59 (2.77 to 26.64) | <0.001 |
| Anti-rheumatic medication | ||||||
| Anti-TNF biologics | ||||||
| Non-current use | 35(70.0%) | 444(88.8%) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Current use | 15(30.0%) | 56(11.2%) | 3.40 (1.75 to 6.61) | <0.001 | 2.03 (0.85 to 4.86) | 0.111 |
| Non anti-TNF biologics | ||||||
| Non-current use | 44(88.0%) | 470(94.0%) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
| Current use | 6(12.0%) | 30(6.0%) | 2.14 (0.84 to 5.41) | 0.109 | NA† | NA† |
| Oral corticosteroids | ||||||
| Non-current use | 10(20.0%) | 232(46.4%) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| <5 mg/day | 8(16.0%) | 70(14.0%) | 2.65 (1.01 to 6.98) | 0.048 | 1.97 (0.61 to 6.33) | 0.256 |
| 5– <10 mg/day | 23(46.0%) | 162(32.4%) | 3.29 (1.53 to 7.11) | <0.001 | 2.51 (1.00 to 6.28) | 0.049 |
| ≥10 mg/day | 9(18.0%) | 36(7.2%) | 5.80 (2.21 to 15.25) | <0.001 | 4.87 (1.51 to 15.67) | 0.008 |
| Ptrend | <0.001 | 0.007 | ||||
| Hydroxychloroquine | ||||||
| Non-current use | 27(54.0%) | 299(59.8%) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
| Current use | 23(46.0%) | 201(40.2%) | 1.27 (0.71 to 2.27) | 0.427 | NA† | NA† |
| Sulfasalazine | ||||||
| Non-current use | 24(48.0%) | 314(62.8%) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Current use | 26(52.0%) | 186(37.2%) | 1.83 (1.02 to 3.28) | 0.043 | 1.92 (0.91 to 4.04) | 0.085 |
| Methotrexate | ||||||
| Non-current use | 29(58.0%) | 322(64.4%) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
| Current use | 21(42.0%) | 178(35.6%) | 1.31 (0.73 to 2.36) | 0.370 | NA† | NA† |
Adjusted by prior TB history, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, interstitial lung disease and COPD) and anti-rheumatic medication used.
†TB, tuberculosis; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NA denotes ‘not measured.