Table 1.
Regression results of the likelihood to have surgery, observational study
| Predictor | Relative risk 95% CI [lower bound, upper bound] | ||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Presence of bias statement | 2.81*** [2.06, 3.83] | 2.07*** [1.47, 2.92] | 2.04*** [1.31, 3.15] |
| Age | 0.95*** [0.92, 0.98] | 0.97 [0.94, 1.01] | |
| Race: white | 1.37 [0.79, 2.40] | 1.12 [0.70, 1.79] | |
| Education | 0.91 [0.80, 1.04] | 0.90 [0.81, 1.00] | |
| Decision aid | 0.76 [0.47, 1.22] | 0.95 [0.49 1.85] | |
| Clinical stage T3 | 3.20*** [1.83, 5.59] | 2.69** [1.41, 5.14] | |
| Clinical stage T2 | 1.72** [1.18, 2.53] | 1.37 [0.91, 2.04] | |
| Shared decision-making | 0.82 [0.49, 1.36] | 0.92 [0.58, 1.45] | |
| Surgery preferred treatment choice before diagnosis | 1.10 [0.74, 1.63] | 1.17 [0.82, 1.68] | |
| Strength of recommendation to have surgery | 1.45* [1.08, 1.94] | ||
| Strength of recommendation to have radiation | 1.21 [0.66, 2.21] | ||
| Strength of recommendation to have active surveillance | 1.15 [0.91, 1.46] | ||
| Radiation oncologist discussed | 2.00* [1.10, 3.63] | ||
| Constant | −1.37*** | 2.76* | 0.55 |
| Corrected quasi-likelihood under independence model criterion QICC (goodness of fit) | 149.11 | 104.68 | 96.44 |
Models are clustered by doctor and have robust SEs.
*
P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001.