Rfwd2 is expressed in the developing lung epithelium, and inactivation leads to lung defects and lethality at birth. (A) qRT-PCR of Rfwd2 mRNA levels in wild-type lungs from E11.5 to postnatal day (P) 42 (adult). Data were normalized to Actb (also termed β-actin) and then to the expression level at E11.5. The quantification was carried out in n ≥ 3 samples for each stage. *P < 0.05. (B) Western blot of RFWD2 protein levels in wild-type lungs at E11.5, E12.5, and E13.5. ACTB was used as a loading control. (C) Representative whole-mount RNA in situ hybridization of Rfwd2 in E12.5 wild-type lung indicating expression primarily in the lung epithelium. Intact pups (D and E), whole lung (F and G), or H&E-stained sections (H and I) of controls and Shhcre;Rfwd2 mutants at birth are shown. Arrowheads indicate large air sacs. (Scale bars: 500 μm.)