. 2016 Jun 20;113(27):7481–7484. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1516686113

Table S1.

Balancing of student characteristics

Variable	1: NOTP		2: With a TP		3: Control group		Difference 1 − 3	Difference 2 − 3
Variable	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Difference 1 − 3	Difference 2 − 3
Students
Test score, reading grade 2	−0.18	1.07	−0.14	0.94	−0.23		0.05	0.10
Missing test score, reading grade 2	0.04		0.02		0.05		−0.01	−0.03^†
Test score, math grade 3	−0.18	1.08	−0.07	0.98	−0.19		0.00	0.11
Missing test score, math grade 3	0.06		0.04		0.08		−0.02	−0.04
Non-Western background	0.29		0.22		0.30		−0.01	−0.08
Girl	0.50		0.49		0.51		−0.01	−0.02
Single-mother family	0.27		0.24		0.23		0.04	0.02
No. of siblings	1.46		1.32		1.48		−0.02	−0.16
First born	0.40		0.40		0.40		0.00	−0.00
Age 9 y or younger	0.29		0.26		0.28		0.01	−0.02
Age 10 y	0.64		0.68		0.65		−0.01	0.02
Age 11 y	0.07		0.07		0.07		0.01	−0.00
Born in the first quarter	0.24		0.25		0.22		0.02	0.03
Born in the second quarter	0.22		0.23		0.26		−0.03	−0.03
Born in the third quarter	0.29		0.30		0.27		0.02	0.03
Born in the fourth quarter	0.24		0.22		0.25		−0.01	−0.03
Mothers
Log earnings	8.82	5.40	9.46	5.04	8.72	5.43	0.10	0.74
Age, y	36.00	5.28	35.60	5.12	35.62	5.38	0.38	−0.02
None or missing educational information	0.10		0.06		0.09		0.01	−0.03
High school	0.30		0.34		0.34		−0.05	−0.01
Vocational education	0.31		0.31		0.28		0.03	0.03
Higher education	0.29		0.29		0.28		0.01	0.01
Fathers
Log earnings	9.84	5.03	10.32	4.71	9.80	5.06	0.04	0.52
Age, y	39.11	6.14	38.36	5.67	39.07	6.38	0.05	−0.71^*
None or missing educational information	0.12		0.09		0.10		0.01	−0.01
High school	0.30		0.33		0.34		−0.04	−0.01
Vocational education	0.32		0.31		0.32		−0.01	−0.01
Higher education	0.27		0.27		0.24		0.03	0.04
N schools (total = 90)	31		28		31		62	59
N students (total = 1931)	634		641		656		1,290	1,297

Observations with missing information are excluded from the table unless otherwise indicated. When covariates are included in regressions, relevant indicators for missing covariates are always included. All information related to parents and family is registered when students are 6 y old; t tests are corrected for clustering at the school level.

P < 0.1.

^{^†}

P < 0.01.