Table 3.
Effect of the dietary intervention on risk of incident hypertension by selected subgroupsa
| Subgroup (baseline) | Intervention | Comparison | HRb (95% CI) | P-valuec |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | |||
| Age (years) | 0.74 | |||
| 50–54 | 873 (6.1) | 1,322 (6.2) | 0.98 (0.90–1.07) | |
| 55–59 | 1,456 (7.4) | 2,197 (7.8) | 0.95 (0.89–1.01) | |
| 60–69 | 3,019 (9.9) | 4,603 (10.3) | 0.96 (0.92–1.01) | |
| 70–79 | 1,088 (13.7) | 1,616 (14.4) | 0.95 (0.88–1.03) | |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.56 | |||
| White | 5,295 (8.6) | 8,096 (8.9) | 0.95 (0.92–0.99) | |
| Black | 634 (13.3) | 878 (13.2) | 1.02 (0.92–1.13) | |
| Hispanic | 251 (8.3) | 386 (9.3) | 0.88 (0.75–1.04) | |
| African Indian | 29 (8.2) | 28 (8.0) | 0.86 (0.47–1.57) | |
| Asian | 146 (9.8) | 228 (9.9) | 1.02 (0.83–1.26) | |
| Body mass index | 0.48 | |||
| <25 | 1,593 (6.3) | 2,465 (6.6) | 0.94 (0.89–1.00) | |
| 25 to < 30 | 2,368 (8.8) | 3,657 (9.2) | 0.95 (0.90–1.00) | |
| ≥30 | 2,447 (12.4) | 3,578 (12.8) | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) | |
| CEE alone trial | 0.67 | |||
| Active | 246 (13.5) | 385 (14.1) | 0.96 (0.82–1.13) | |
| Placebo | 232 (10.7) | 373 (11.5) | 0.92 (0.78–1.08) | |
| No randomized | 2,276 (9.8) | 3,332 (10.0) | 0.98 (0.93–1.03) | |
| CEE + MPA Trial | 0.42 | |||
| Active | 383 (10.2) | 552 (10.1) | 0.99 (0.87–1.13) | |
| Placebo | 328 (9.2) | 478 (10.14) | 0.92 (0.80–1.06) | |
| Not randomized | 2,971 (7.8) | 4,617 (8.3) | 0.95 (0.90–0.99) | |
| CaD Trial | 0.40 | |||
| Active | 1,157 (7.9) | 1,820 (7.8) | 1.01 (0.94–1.09) | |
| Placebo | 1,138 (7.6) | 1,816 (7.8) | 0.97 (0.90–1.04) | |
| Not randomized | 4,141 (9.7) | 6,102 (10.4) | 0.96 (0.93–0.99) | |
| % Energy from fat (tertiles) | 0.43 | |||
| <34.8% | 2,158 (8.6) | 3,158 (8.7) | 0.99 (0.94–1.05) | |
| 34.8 to < 39.4% | 2,108 (8.7) | 3,316 (9.2) | 0.93 (0.88–0.98) | |
| ≥39.4% | 2,130 (9.5) | 3,228 (9.9) | 0.96 (0.91–1.02) | |
| Smoking status | 0.87 | |||
| Never | 3,279 (8.9) | 5,028 (9.4) | 0.96 (0.92–1.00) | |
| Past | 2,609 (8.8) | 3,906 (9.1) | 0.96 (0.91–1.01) | |
| Current | 474 (9.4) | 703(9.3) | 0.99 (0.88–1.11) | |
| Diabetes mellitus (treated) | 0.40 | |||
| No | 6,255 (8.8) | 9,458 (9.1) | 0.96 (0.93–0.99) | |
| Yes | 181 (16.5) | 278 (17.9) | 0.88 (0.73–1.07) | |
| History of statin use | 0.01 | |||
| No | 6,140 (8.8) | 9,325 (9.2) | 0.95 (0.92–0.98) | |
| Yes | 296 (13.1) | 413 (11.1) | 1.16 (1.00–1.36) | |
| History of CHD | 0.17 | |||
| No | 6,306 (8.9) | 9,531 (9.2) | 0.96 (0.93–0.99) | |
| Yes | 50 (12.3) | 90 (16.1) | 0.75 (0.52–1.07) | |
| History of stroke | 0.40 | |||
| No | 6,401 (8.9) | 9,671 (9.2) | 0.96 (0.93–0.99) | |
| Yes | 35 (11.5) | 67 (13.1) | 1.17 (0.74–1.83) | |
aExcluded participants with prior history of hypertension at baseline (based on self-report of hypertension or use of antihypertensive medication). bHazard ratio (95% CI) from a proportional hazards model stratified by age group, HT trial randomization group, and subgroup. cCorresponds to a significance test of interaction or trend.