Table 1.
Characteristics of Jackson Heart Study participants by BP dipping status
| Characteristic | Total sample (N = 668) | Dippers (N = 241) | Nondippers (N = 427) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and socioeconomic factors | ||||
| Age, years | 58.4 (10.7) | 57.4 (11.0) | 58.9 (10.5) | 0.07 |
| Women, % | 68.6 | 71.4 | 67.0 | 0.24 |
| Annual income, $a | 38,268 (22,676) | 39,846 (22,149) | 37,375 (22,946) | 0.18 |
| Education, years | 14.5 (4.0) | 14.5 (4.0) | 14.5 (4.0) | 0.92 |
| Married, % | 56.5 | 58.8 | 55.2 | 0.37 |
| Employed, % | 49.1 | 48.5 | 49.4 | 0.83 |
| Biomedical factors | ||||
| Mean 24-hour SBP, mm Hg | 125.8 (13.4) | 123.4 (12.8) | 127.1 (13.6) | <0.01 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 31.2 (6.5) | 30.5 (6.2) | 31.7 (6.6) | 0.03 |
| Antihypertensive medication use, % | 61.5 | 58.2 | 63.3 | 0.21 |
| Diabetes, % | 27.2 | 21.9 | 30.3 | 0.02 |
| Cardiovascular disease, % | 7.9 | 8.8 | 7.4 | 0.54 |
| High obstructive sleep apnea risk, % | 37.1 | 32.3 | 39.3 | 0.11 |
| Behavioral factors | ||||
| Current smoker, % | 9.7 | 10.0 | 9.6 | .89 |
| Current alcohol use, % | 44.1 | 48.8 | 41.5 | .07 |
| Physical activity | 8.3 (2.6) | 8.6 (2.6) | 8.2 (2.6) | .11 |
| Sleep quality | 3.0 (1.1) | 3.0 (1.1) | 3.0 (1.1) | .62 |
| Dietary sodium, mg | 3,880 (2,221) | 3,759 (2,336) | 3,949 (2,154) | .30 |
| Dietary potassium, mg | 2,701 (1,284) | 2,608 (1,232) | 2,755 (1,312) | .16 |
Values are mean (SD) or %.
Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
aTotal annual family income, adjusted for household size.