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. 2016 Apr 5;18(8):1711–1718. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntw092

Table 2.

Results From Pooled Two-part Models (TPM) for Prevalence and Volume of Exclusive Cigarette, Bidi and Smokeless Use by Consumption Expenditure, Educational Attainment and Caste/Tribe Status of Households (2000–2012)

Bidi Cigarette use Smokeless
Part I: ORs (SE) Part-II: log (volume) (SE) Part I: OR (SE) Part-II: log (volume) Part I: OR (SE) Part-II: log (volume)
t 1 (2005) 0.87** (0.04) −0.025 (0.03) 0.81*** (0.03) −0.16*** (0.03) 1.49*** (0.06) 2.58*** (0.07)
t 2 (2012) 0.91 (0.04) −0.26*** (0.03) 0.74*** (0.04) −0.37*** (0.04) 1.66*** (0.07) 2.41*** (0.08)
Q1 (poorest 25%) 1.58*** (0.04) −0.23*** (0.01) 0.25*** (0.01) −0.74*** (0.04) 1.40*** (0.04) −1.03*** (0.04)
t 1_Q1 (interaction: 2005 × poorest 25%) 0.86*** (0.03) −0.04* (0.02) 0.79** (0.07) 0.07 (0.06) 0.86*** (0.03) 0.80*** (0.06)
t 2_Q1 (interaction: 2012 × poorest 25%) 1.09* (0.04) −0.18*** (0.02) 0.97 (0.07) −0.12* (0.05) 1.11** (0.04) 0.95*** (0.06)
Q2 (poorer 25%) 1.50*** (0.03) −0.11*** (0.01) 0.43***(0.02) −0.46*** (0.03) 1.33*** (0.03) −0.69*** (0.04)
t 1_Q2 (interaction: 2005 × poorer 25%) 1.01 (0.03) −0.039* (0.02) 0.89 (0.05) −0.05 (0.04) 0.92** (0.03) 0.59*** (0.06)
t 2_Q2 (interaction: 2012 × poorer 25%) 1.07 (0.04) −0.07** (0.02) 1.05 (0.06) −0.09** (0.04) 1.05 (0.04) 0.71*** (0.06)
Illiterate households (households with illiterate members only) 4.49*** (0.16) 0.13*** (0.02) 0.35*** (0.02) −0.27*** (0.04) 1.45*** (0.05) −0.27*** (0.05)
t 1_illiterate households (interaction: 2005 × illiterate households) 0.82*** (0.04) −0.02 (0.03) 1.70*** (0.11) −0.01 (0.05) 1.05 (0.04) 0.45*** (0.07)
t 2_illiterate households (interaction: 2012 × illiterate households) 0.64*** (0.03) 0.004 (0.03) 1.38*** (0.12) −0.01 (0.07) 0.94 (0.04) 0.37*** (0.07)
Households with one primary schooled member 4.16*** (0.15) 0.11*** (0.02) 0.51*** (0.03) −0.27*** (0.04) 1.47*** (0.05) 0.06 (0.06)
t 1_households with one primary schooled member (interaction: 2005 × household with primary schooled member) 0.62*** (0.03) −0.08** (0.03) 1.65*** (0.11) 0.02 (0.05) 0.94 (0.04) 0.08 (0.08)
t 2_households with one primary schooled member (interaction: 2012 × households with primary schooled member) 0.64*** (0.03) 0.04 (0.03) 1.22* (0.10) 0.02 (0.06) 0.95 (0.05) −0.09 (0.08)
SC households 1.63*** (0.04) 0.02 (0.01) 0.89* (0.04) −0.15*** (0.04) 1.23*** (0.03) −0.04 (0.04)
t 1_SC households (interaction: 2005 × SC households) 0.97 (0.03) −0.007 (0.02) 0.94 (0.07) 0.11* (0.05) 0.99 (0.04) −0.09 (0.06)
t 2_SC households (interaction: 2012 × SC households) 0.88** (0.03) −0.05** (0.02) 1.14 (0.08) 0.02 (0.05) 0.93 (0.04) 0.03 (0.07)
ST households 1.30*** (0.04) −0.12***(0.01) 0.97 (0.05) −0.39*** (0.04) 1.62*** (0.04) −0.44*** (0.04)
t 1_ST households (interaction: 2005 × ST households) 1.01 (0.04) 0.009 (0.02) 1.09 (0.07) 0.27*** (0.04) 0.85*** (0.03) 0.25*** (0.06)
t 2_ST households (interaction: 2012 × ST households) 0.83*** (0.03) 0.09*** (0.02) 1.32*** (0.08) 0.63*** (0.04) 0.69*** (0.03) 0.28*** (0.06)
Constant 0.002 (0.00012) 5.96 (0.04) 0.34 (0.03) 5.51 (0.07) 0.004 (0.00036) 3.17 (0.17)
Observations 346 614 87 787 346 614 28 938 346 614 69 102
R 2 (Pseudo R 2 for the ORs) 0.17 0.27 0.15 0.25 0.18 0.40

OR = odds ratio; SC = Scheduled Caste; SES = socioeconomic status; ST = Scheduled Tribe. Trend estimates allow for comparisons across time through t 1 and t 2 (indicators for time 1 and time 2 for reference group) and t 1*SES and t 2*SES (indicators of change from time 1 and time 2 for specific SES group—eg, poorest 20% households; reference: richest quartile, households with at least one graduate member and Other/general caste households in 2000). Figures in the second row for each indictor are standard errors (SEs).

*P < .05; **P < .001, ***P < .0001.