Table. Studies of the efficacy of interventions on patients’ adherence to lifestyle modifications.

A) EHFscBS and modifications
	Intervention			Control
Study	Mean	SD	No	Mean	SD	No	SMD [95% CI]
e36	0.6	8.2	57	1.3	6.9	63	−0.09 [−0.45 to 0.27]
e27	106	21	9	108	22	9	−0.09 [−1.01 to 0.84]
e35	49.2	6.3	156	49.2	6.6	109	0.00 [−0.24 to 0.24]
e33	10.4	3.1	84	10.1	2.9	95	0.10 [−0.19 to 0.39]
e34	52.2	10.1	29	48.5	9	26	0.38 [-0.15 to 0.91]
e37	−21.2	6.4	65	−24.8	6.7	78	0.55 [0.21 to 0.88]
e24	−17.4	4.5	149	−20.8	5.8	134	0.66 [0.42 to 0.90]
e29	2.9	1	14	1.9	1.3	11	0.85 [0.02 to 1.68]
e31	12.1	10.9	76	3.1	10	75	0.86 [0.52 to 1.19]
e30	−27.1	2.5	47	−30.1	1.7	46	1.39 [0.93 to 1.84]
I² = 83% Random effects model			686			646	0.41 [0.30 to 0.52]
B] SCHFI and modifications
e42	159.2	46.3	27	178.4	29.6	26	−0.48 [−1.03 to 0.06]
e47	65.1	22.7	30	70	19.2	34	−0.23 [−0.72 to 0.26]
e40	2.6	0.67	37	2.2	0.67	39	0.59 [0.13 to 1.05]
e43	19.6	2.1	34	18	2.9	29	0.63 [0.12 to 1.14]
e38	12.4	1	45	10.8	0.9	34	1.65 [1.14 to 2.17]
e50	51.8	5.8	233	39.9	7.9	117	1.81 [1.55 to 2.07]
I² = 95% Random effects model			406			279	1.03 [0.86 to 1.20]
C) Further scores
e59	5.9	2.4	56	6.2	2.5	36	−0.12 [−0.54 to 0.30]
e48	6.1	2.1	40	5.8	1.9	47	0.15 [−0.27 to 0.57]
e24	54.9	6.5	149	52.3	8.9	134	0.34 [0.10 to 0.57]
e34	52.2	10.1	29	48.5	9	26	0.38 [−0.15 to 0.91]
e20	50.6	4.7	18	46.5	4.5	17	0.87 [0.17 to 1.57]
e51	35.9	2.73	108	32.74	3.53	108	1.00 [0.71 to 1.28]
I² = 81% Random effects model			400			368	0.46 [0.31 to 0.60]

EHFScBS, European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale; I², heterogeneity; CI, confidence interval; No, number of patients per group; SCHFI, self care heart failure index; SD, standard deviation; SMD, standardized mean difference (positive differences describe an advantage for the intervention)