Table 1.
Demographic and clinical information of 442 patients with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1)
| Variable | Overall patients (n = 442) | Pediatric patients (n = 387) | Adult patients (n = 55) | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year | – | |||
| Mean (±SD) | 12·7 (±9·9) | 9·6 (±3·9) | 34·3 (±12·2) | |
| Median (range) | 10 (0·3–63) | 10 (0·3–17) | 31 (18–63) | |
| Age group | ||||
| <1 year | 1 (0·2) | 1 (0·3) | – | – |
| 1–10 years | 221 (50) | 221 (57·1) | – | – |
| 11–17 years | 165 (37·3) | 165 (42·6) | – | – |
| 18–60 years | 54 (12·4) | – | 54 (98·2) | – |
| ≥61 years | 1 (0·2) | – | 1 (1·8) | – |
| Male gender | 271 (61·3) | 247 (63·8) | 24 (43·6) | 0·005 |
| Underlying disease/condition** | ||||
| Bronchial asthma | 12 (2·7) | 10 (2·6) | 2 (3·6) | – |
| Diabetes mellitus | 3 (0·7) | 0 | 3 (5·5) | – |
| Hypertension | 3 (0·7) | 0 | 3 (5·5) | – |
| Miscellaneous*** | 12 (2·7) | 6 (1·6) | 7 (12·7) | – |
| Symptom/Sign† | ||||
| Fever | 434 (98·2) | 382 (98·7) | 33 (67·3) | <0·001 |
| Rhinorrhea | 288 (65·2) | 261 (67·4) | 27 (49·1) | 0·010 |
| Cough | 287 (64·9) | 261 (67·4) | 26 (47·3) | 0·004 |
| Sore throat | 229 (51·8) | 208 (53·7) | 21 (38·2) | 0·043 |
| Myalgia | 183 (41·4) | 155 (40) | 28 (50·9) | 0·144 |
| Headache | 138 (31·2) | 117 (30·2) | 21 (38·2) | 0·276 |
| Vomiting/nausea | 91 (20·6) | 88 (22·7) | 3 (5·5) | 0·002 |
| Diarrhea | 47 (10·6) | 45 (11·6) | 2 (3·6) | 0·098 |
| Abdominal pain | 38 (8·6) | 35 (9·1) | 3 (5·5) | 0·605 |
| Chest pain | 22 (5·0) | 15 (3·9) | 7 (12·7) | 0·012 |
| Dyspnea | 15 (3·4) | 10 (2·6) | 5 (9·1) | 0·028 |
| Altered consciousness | 4 (0·9) | 3 (0·8) | 1 (1·8) | 0·413 |
| Mean interval from onset of symptoms to hospital presentation, day (±SD) | 1·5 (±0·9) | 1·5 (±0·9) | 1·9 (±1·1) | <0·001 |
| Mean length of fever, day (±SD), (n = no. of patients with data available) | 3 (±1·44) (n = 252) | 3 (±1·4) (n = 227) | 2·5 (±1·7) (n = 25) | <0·001 |
| Hospitalization | 82 (18·5) | 74 (19·1) | 8 (14·5) | 0·848 |
| Antibiotic(s) used | 41 (9·3) | 34 (8·8) | 7 (12·7) | 0·325 |
| Use oseltamivir <48 hours, no./total no. (%) | 235/308 (76·2) | 205/262 (78·2) | 30/46 (65·2) | 0·062 |
| Outcomes | >0·99 | |||
| Survived | 378 (99·5) | 335 (86·6) | 43 (78·2) | |
| Fatal | 1 (0·3) | 1 (0·3) | 0 | |
| Loss to follow‐up | 63 (14·3) | 51 (13·2) | 12 (21·8) | 0·095 |
Data are presented as number of patients (%) unless stated otherwise.
*Comparison between pediatric and adult patients.
**An individual patient might have more than one underlying disease/condition. As the prevalence of an individual underlying disease is often age dependent, comparisons of underlying disease between pediatric and adult patient were not performed.
***Including hepatitis C carrier and liver cirrhosis, hepatitis B carrier, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic tumor, acute lymphocytic leukemia, end stage renal disease, post‐liver transplant, ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, mitral valve prolapsed, schizophrenia, and thalassemia each was found in one.
†An individual patient might have more than one symptom/sign.