Table 4.
Demographic, clinical, and laboratory information of patients experienced 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) with and without lung involvement detected by chest radiography
| Variable | Lung involvement (n = 19) | Non‐lung involvement (n = 208) | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic, clinical features and outcome | |||
| Age, years | 0·007 | ||
| Mean age (±SD) | 9·6 (±0·5) | 14·1 (±11·6) | |
| Median (range) | 8 (1–50) | 11 (1–63) | |
| Age group | |||
| ≤10 years | 14** (73·7) | 93 (44·7) | 0·017 |
| 11–17 years | 4*** (21·1) | 79 (37·9) | 0·213 |
| ≥18 years | 1† (5·3) | 36 (17·3) | 0·326 |
| Male gender | 13 (68·4) | 125 (60·1) | 0·625 |
| Underlying disease/condition†† | |||
| Bronchial asthma | 1 (5·3) | 6 (2·9) | 0·462 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0 | 3 (1·4) | >0·99 |
| Hypertension | 0 | 3 (1·4) | >0·99 |
| Thalassemia | 1 (5·3) | 0 | 0·084 |
| Post‐liver transplant | 1 (5·3) | 0 | 0·084 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 1 (5·3) | 1 (0·5) | 0·161 |
| Mean from onset of symptoms to hospital, day (±SD) | 3·3 (±1·9) | 1·6 (±1·0) | <0·001 |
| Mean duration of fever, day (±SD), (n = no. of patients with data available) | 4·8 (±2·5) (n = 17) | 3·1 (±1·3) (n = 133) | 0·001 |
| Patient receipt oseltamivir therapy | 17 (89·5) | 147 (70·7) | 0·108 |
| ≥48 hours from symptom onset to oseltamivir therapy, no./total no. receipt oseltamivir therapy (%) | 12/17 (70·6) | 37/147 (25·2) | <0·001 |
| Antibiotic(s) used | 11 (57·9) | 19 (9·1) | <0·001 |
| Bacterial coinfection | 3 (15·7) | 0 | – |
| Overall fatality | 1 (5·3) | 0 | 0·084 |
| Symptom/sign††† | |||
| Rhinorrhea | 15 (78·9) | 141 (67·8) | 0·440 |
| Sore throat | 6 (31·6) | 103 (49·5) | 0·155 |
| Cough | 11 (57·9) | 125 (60·1) | >0·99 |
| Chest pain | 2 (10·5) | 18 (8·7) | 0·677 |
| Dyspnea | 5 (26·3) | 10 (4·8) | 0·004 |
| Fever | 18 (94·7) | 203 (97·6) | 0·412 |
| Diarrhea | 1 (5·3) | 25 (12) | 0·705 |
| Nausea/vomiting | 9 (47·4) | 46 (22·1) | 0·023 |
| Headache | 5 (26·3) | 65 (31·3) | 0·798 |
| Altered consciousness | 3 (15·8) | 1 (0·5) | 0·002 |
| Myalgia | 3 (15·8) | 79 (38) | 0·079 |
| Abdominal pain | 3 (15·8) | 19 (9·1) | 0·398 |
| Laboratory characteristics | |||
| Leukocytosis (White cell count >10 × 109 cells/l), no./total no. (%) | 2/17 (11·8) | 14/156 (8·9) | 0·660 |
| Leukopenia (White cell count <3 × 109 cells/l), no./total no. (%) | 4/17 (23·5) | 4/156 (2·6) | 0·004 |
| Lymphopenia, no./total no. (%) | 13/17 (76·4) | 181/196 (92·3) | 0·051 |
| Thrombocytosis (>450 × 109 cells/l), no./total no. (%) | 1/17 (5·9) | 0/155 (0) | 0·099 |
| Thrombocytopenia (<149 × 109 cells/l), no./total no. (%) | 4/17 (23·5) | 27/155 (17·4) | 0·366 |
| C‐reactive protein >5 mg/l (reference value <5 mg/l), no./total no. (%) | 11/17 (64·7) | 105/150 (70) | 0·782 |
| Creatine kinase >130 U/l (reference value 15–130 U/l), no./total no. (%) | 6/9 (66·7) | 23/115 (20) | 0·005 |
| Lactic dehydrogenase >225 U/l (reference value 135–225 U/l), no./total no. (%) | 7/9 (77·8) | 41/113 (36·3) | 0·028 |
Data are presented as number of patients (%) unless stated otherwise.
*Comparison between patients with and without lung involvement.
**Of the 14 pediatric patients aged ≤10 years, eight with lung consolidation and six with lung infiltrates.
***Of the four pediatric patients aged 11–17 years, one with lung consolidation and three with lung infiltrates.
†A 50‐year‐old man with liver cirrhosis developed lung consolidation.
††An individual patient might have more than one underlying disease/condition.
†††An individual patient might have more than one symptom/sign.