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. 2016 Jul 12;6:29591. doi: 10.1038/srep29591

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Copyright © 2016, Macmillan Publishers Limited

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Given the expression changes of cgi-miR-2d and CgIκB2, it was suggested that CgIκB2 could be modulated post-transcriptionally by up-regulated cgi-miR-2d at the early stage of V. splendidus infection and led to the inhibition of NF-κB pathway activation as well as the promotion of haemocyte phagocytosis. At the late stage of V. splendidus challenge, expression of cgi-miR-2d was repressed while that of CgIκB2 was up-regulated to disadvantage both NF-κB pathway and haemocyte phagocytosis. Moreover, apoptosis could also be regulated by cgi-miR-2d, which was conserved among miR-2 family yet not dominant during V. splendidus challenge, indicating the existence of other unknown modulatory pathways.