Figure 3.

 Mean serum neuraminidase inhibition (NI) titers (log2) induced in specific pathogen‐free (SPF) chickens after a single dose of virus‐like particle (VLP) vaccine with ISA70 adjuvant. A total of 32 five‐week‐old SPF chickens (8 per group) were intramuscularly immunized with HPAI H5N1 VLP vaccines. NI titers against the homologous antigen were determined 3 weeks after vaccination. Mock – emulsified solution of conditioned SF900III medium with ISA70. ***P < 0·001 by anova with Tukey–Kramer post‐test compared with other groups.