Table 3. Table of body wight support values across specimens under 90° flap angle.
Body weight (bw) support values across non-avian and basal avian taxa under three different flapping frequency estimators (see text for description). Calculations are based on the 90° flap angle permutation at two velocity of the centre of mass (0.6 and 1.5 m/s). This correspond to recorded velocity of earliest WAIR capable juveniles (0.6 m/s) and adult (1.5 m/s) Chukars (Tobalske & Dial, 2007).
| Taxa | Specimen | M/S | bw All | bw GF | bw MOD | M/S | bw All | bw GF | bw MOD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anchiornis | BMNHCPH828 | 1.5 | 0.24 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.6 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| Anchiornis | LPM B00169 | 1.5 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.6 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.08 |
| Archaeopteryx | 11th | 1.5 | 0.70/0.37 | 0.62/0.33 | 0.78/0.46 | 0.6 | 0.52/0.27 | 0.45/0.23 | 0.59/0.34 |
| Archaeopteryx | Berlin | 1.5 | 0.67/0.38 | 0.60/0.34 | 0.74/0.46 | 0.6 | 0.50/0.27 | 0.43/0.24 | 0.56/0.34 |
| Archaeopteryx | London | 1.5 | 0.57/0.28 | 0.50/0.25 | 0.67/0.37 | 0.6 | 0.42/0.20 | 0.37/0.17 | 0.51/0.27 |
| Archaeopteryx | Munich | 1.5 | 0.66/0.39 | 0.59/0.34 | 0.68/0.43 | 0.6 | 0.48/0.28 | 0.42/0.24 | 0.51/0.32 |
| Archaeopteryx | Thermopolis | 1.5 | 0.71/0.41 | 0.63/0.37 | 0.75/0.47 | 0.6 | 0.52/0.29 | 0.46/0.26 | 0.56/0.34 |
| Archaeopteryx | Eichstatt | 1.5 | 0.42/0.29 | 0.38/0.26 | 0.39/0.28 | 0.6 | 0.30/0.20 | 0.26/0.17 | 0.27/0.19 |
| Aurornis | YFGP-T5198 | 1.5 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.6 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.07 |
| Caudipteryx | IVPP 12344 | 1.5 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.6 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Caudipteryx | IVPP 12430 | 1.5 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.6 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Changyuraptor | HG B016 | 1.5 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.25 | 0.6 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.14 |
| Citipati | MPC-D100/971 | 1.5 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.6 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Eosinopteryx | YFGP-T5197 | 1.5 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.6 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.08 |
| Jianchangosaurus | 41HIII-0308A | 1.5 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.6 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Jinfengopteryx | CAGS-IG 04-0801 | 1.5 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.6 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
| Mahakala | IGM 100/1033 | 1.5 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.6 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
| Mei long | DNHM D2154 | 1.5 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.6 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Mei long | IVPP V12733 | 1.5 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.6 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Microraptor | BMNHC PH 881 | 1.5 | 0.49 | 0.43 | 0.50 | 0.6 | 0.35 | 0.31 | 0.36 |
| Microraptor | IVPP V 13352 | 1.5 | 0.28 | 0.25 | 0.42 | 0.6 | 0.20 | 0.17 | 0.32 |
| Microraptor hanqingi | LVH 0026 | 1.5 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.24 | 0.6 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.15 |
| Oviraptor in sedis | MPC-D100/1018 | 1.5 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.6 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Protarchaeopteryx | GMV2125 | 1.5 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.6 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Similicaudipteryx | STM22-6 | 1.5 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.6 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 |
| Similicaudipteryx | STM4-1 | 1.5 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.6 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Sinocalliopteryx | JMP-V-05-8-01 | 1.5 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.6 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Sinornithoides | IVPP V9612 | 1.5 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.6 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Sinornithosaurus | NGMC-91A | 1.5 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.6 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Sinornithosaurus | Sullivan et al. (2010) | 1.5 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.6 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.04 |
| Sinosauropteryx | NICP 127587 | 1.5 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.6 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Sinosauropteryx | NIGP 127586 | 1.5 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.6 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Sinovenator | IVPP V11977 | 1.5 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.6 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Tianyuraptor | STM1–3 | 1.5 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.6 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Troodon embryo | MOR 246-1 | 1.5 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.6 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Xiaotingia | STM 27-2 | 1.5 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.6 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
| Yixianosaurus | IVPP 12638 | 1.5 | 0.03/0.02 | 0.03/0.02 | 0.05/0.03 | 0.6 | 0.02/0.01 | 0.02/0.01 | 0.03/0.02 |
| Yulong | 41HIII-0107 | 1.5 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.6 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Zhenyuanlong | JPM-0008 | 1.5 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.6 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 |