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. 2016 Jul 12;7:293. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00293

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Copyright © 2016 Arruda-Junior, Martins, Dariolli, Jensen, Antonio, dos Santos, Tucci and Girardi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Heart DPPIV activity and expression in sham and HF rats treated with the DPPIV inhibitor vildagliptin or with the vehicle. (A) Heart DPPIV activity was measured in sham and HF rats treated with vehicle (HF) or vildagliptin (HF + IDPPIV) by colorimetry. (B) Representative immunohistochemical staining of DPPIV in the heart (400 × original magnification). (C) Graphical representation of the relative gene expression of DPPIV in the heart of sham and HF rats treated with vildagliptin or with the vehicle. The levels of mRNA of DPPIV were measured by real-time PCR and cyclophilin used as an internal control. Values are means ± SEM. ^**p < 0.01 and ^***p < 0.001 vs. Sham. ^###p < 0.001 vs. HF.