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C5a and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway activation in polarised ARPE19/NF-κB luciferase reporter cells is shown. C5a stimulation at 5 μg/mL induced NF-κB activation in ARPE19 reporter cells, while TNF-α stimulation at 10 or 20 ng/mL induced NF-κB activation (n=3, Student’s t test, **p<0.01, *p<0.05).
