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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: JAMA Intern Med. 2016 Jul 1;176(7):998–1004. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.2086

Table 1.

Characteristics of the Study Population in 2013 by Insurance Typea

Characteristic Insurance Typeb P Valuec
Commercial (n = 1 376 308) Medicaid (n = 286 769)
Age, y
 18–34 505 628 (36.7) 167 847 (58.5)
 35–49 433 689 (31.5) 70 173 (24.5) <.001
 50–64 436 991 (31.8) 48 749 (17.0)
Female sex 702 165 (51.0) 180 363 (62.9) <.001
Rural residence 389 964 (28.3) 120 232 (41.9) <.001
Charlson comorbidity index, mean (SD) 0.29 (0.89) 0.56 (1.32) <.001
Charlson comorbiditiesd
 Myocardial infarction 5597 (0.4) 2482 (0.9) <.001
 Congestive heart failure 7539 (0.6) 4760 (1.7) <.001
 Peripheral vascular disease 8032 (0.6) 3756 (1.1) <.001
 Cerebrovascular disease 12 586 (0.9) 5634 (2.0) <.001
Dementia 210 (0) 228 (0.1) <.001
 Chronic pulmonary disease 11 467 (0.8) 3301 (1.1) <.001
 Rheumatic disease 3779 (0.3) 2006 (0.7) <.001
 Peptic ulcer disease 24 317 (1.8) 14 242 (5.0) <.001
 Mild liver disease 69 201 (5.0) 22 394 (7.8) <.001
 Diabetes mellitus
  Without chronic complications 104 807 (7.6) 47 400 (16.5) <.001
  With chronic complications 15 857 (1.2) 6515 (2.3) <.001
 Hemiplegia or paraplegia 2586 (0.2) 2955 (1.0) <.001
 Renal disease 11 455 (0.8) 4247 (1.5) <.001
 Any malignant tumore 31 820 (2.3) 6621 (2.3) .92
 Moderate or severe liver disease 1251 (0.1) 1553 (0.5) <.001
 Metastatic solid tumor 4989 (0.4) 1652 (0.6) <.001
a

The study sample includes nonpregnant, nondual eligible adults aged 18 to 64 years.

b

Data are presented as number (percentage) of patients unless otherwise indicated.

c

P values for differences between insurance types were calculated using χ2 tests for categorical variables and t tests for numeric variables.

d

Health conditions are Charlson comorbidity index conditions, created using the enhanced International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) algorithm for administrative data. Variables indicate whether conditions were present at any time during 2012 or 2013.

e

Including lymphoma and leukemia and excluding malignant neoplasm of skin.