Figure 5. Phosphorylation of non-Smad signalling molecules.

(A) Exemplary western blots show increased p38 phosphorylation after 60 and 120 min. p-AKT was slightly increased after 120 min. No regulations were visible for p-Erk1/2 and p-JNK. Beta actin and GAPDH served as reference proteins. Imaging was conducted using the Odyssey imager and LiCor Odyssey software. (B) Quantification of 3 independent western blots (mean ± SD). Bands from the protein of interest were normalised to β-Actin or GAPDH and the unstimulated control, *p = 0.003, ^#p = 0.031, compared to control.