Figure 1.

Schematic drawings and first person views of the 4-on-8 virtual maze. Left: Top-down schematic drawing of the learning trials. During part 1 of the learning trials (top left), four pathways are open and four pathways are closed. “S” depicts the starting position and the arrow indicates the direction that the participant is facing when first placed in the environment. In part 2 of the learning trials (bottom left), all pathways are open and there are no barriers. Right: First-person view of the probe trial. During part 1 of the probe trial (top right), all landmarks are visible in the environment. Part 1 of the probe trials is the same as part 1 of the learning trials. During part 2 of the probe trial (bottom right), a wall is erected around the maze and all landmarks are removed from the environment.