Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics and Drug-Resistant Profile Among Newly Diagnosed Adult TB Patients in Tbilisi, Georgia, 2011–2014a
| Variable | Type of Resistance |
Total N = 268 |
P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fully Susceptiblea N% = 137 (51.1) |
Any Resistance (but not M/XDR)b N% = 79 (29.5) |
MDR and XDR TBc N% = 52 (19.4) |
|||
| N% | N% | N% | N% | ||
| Age | |||||
| Median (IQR) | 50 (41–58) | 48 (42–54) | 47 (42.5–58) | 49 (42–58) | .82 |
| 35–54 | 89 (65.0) | 60 (76.0) | 35 (67.3) | 184 (68.7) | .24 |
| ≥55 | 48 (35.0) | 19 (24.0) | 17 (32.7) | 84 (31.3) | |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 37 (27.0) | 14 (17.7) | 15 (28.9) | 66 (24.6) | .24 |
| Male | 100 (73.0) | 65 (82.3) | 37 (71.1) | 202 (75.4) | |
| Education (formal years) | |||||
| Median (IQR) | 11 (10–14) | 11 (10–14) | 10 (10–11) | 11 (10–14) | .07 |
| <High School completed (≤9) | 16 (11.8) | 10 (12.7) | 4 (7.7) | 30 (11.2) | <.01d |
| High school (10–11) | 68 (50.0) | 42 (53.2) | 42 (80.8) | 152 (56.9) | |
| >High School (≥12) | 52 (38.2) | 27 (34.1) | 6 (11.5) | 85 (31.9) | |
| Household Income (USD/month) | |||||
| Median (IQR) | 176.47 (58.8–529.4) | 117.65 (5.88–411.76) | 62.94 (0–205.88) | 117.65 (41.18–411.77) | <.01 |
| ≤$59 | 36 (26.2) | 27 (34.2) | 25 (48.1) | 88 (32.8) | .07 |
| $60–$176 | 42 (30.7) | 22 (27.9) | 14 (26.9) | 78 (29.1) | |
| ≥$177 | 59 (43.1) | 30 (37.9) | 13 (25.0) | 102 (38.1) | |
| Internally Displaced | |||||
| No | 124 (90.5) | 76 (96.2) | 46 (88.5) | 246 (91.8) | .24 |
| Yes | 13 (9.5) | 3 (3.8) | 6 (11.5) | 22 (8.2) | |
| Imprisonment | |||||
| No | 118 (86.1) | 66 (83.5) | 45 (86.5) | 229 (85.5) | .85 |
| Yes | 19 (13.9) | 13 (16.5) | 7 (13.5) | 39 (14.5) | |
| Smoking Status | |||||
| Never smoker | 39 (28.7) | 8 (10.1) | 14 (26.9) | 61 (22.9) | .04 |
| Past smoker | 36 (26.5) | 24 (30.4) | 15 (28.9) | 75 (28.1) | |
| Current smoker | 61 (44.8) | 47 (59.5) | 23 (44.2) | 131 (49.0) | |
| Alcohol Use | |||||
| Never | 45 (33.1) | 16 (20.3) | 19 (36.5) | 80 (30.0) | .18 |
| Intermediate | 35 (25.7) | 20 (25.3) | 10 (19.2) | 65 (24.3) | |
| Heavy | 56 (41.2) | 43 (54.4) | 23 (44.2) | 122 (45.7) | |
| Contact with MDR TB Patient | |||||
| No | 126 (92.6) | 68 (90.7) | 47 (92.2) | 241 (92.0) | .88 |
| Yes | 10 (7.4) | 7 (9.3) | 4 (7.8) | 21 (8.0) | |
| BMI | |||||
| Median (IQR) | 21.19 (19.2–22.9) | 21.55 (20.2–23.4) | 21.48 (19.6–24.6) | 21.30 (19.7–23.6) | .34 |
| <18.5 | 28 (21.1) | 14 (18.4) | 8 (15.4) | 50 (19.2) | .44 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 91 (68.4) | 51 (67.1) | 33 (63.5) | 175 (67.1) | |
| ≥25 | 14 (10.5) | 11 (14.5) | 11 (21.1) | 36 (13.7) | |
| Diabetes | |||||
| Median Hba1c (IQR) | 5.4 (5.1–5.7) | 5.5 (5.2–5.7) | 5.3 (5.2–5.85) | 5.4 (5.1–5.7) | .61 |
| No diabetes | 120 (87.6) | 71 (89.9) | 41 (78.8) | 232 (86.6) | .18 |
| Diabetes | 17 (12.4) | 8 (10.1) | 11 (21.2) | 36 (13.4) | |
| HIV Status | |||||
| Negative | 128 (97.7) | 75 (94.9) | 49 (94.2) | 252 (96.2) | .45 |
| Positive | 3 (2.3) | 4 (5.1) | 3 (5.8) | 10 (3.8) | |
| Hypertension | |||||
| No | 113 (82.5) | 68 (86.1) | 41 (78.8) | 222 (82.8) | .56 |
| Yes | 24 (17.5) | 11 (13.9) | 11 (21.2) | 46 (17.2) | |
| Liver Disease | |||||
| No | 118 (86.8) | 70 (88.6) | 39 (75.0) | 227 (85.0) | .08 |
| Yes | 18 (13.2) | 9 (11.4) | 13 (25.0) | 40 (15.0) | |
| Kidney Disease | |||||
| No | 126 (92.0) | 69 (90.8) | 44 (84.6) | 239 (90.2) | .32 |
| Yes | 11 (8.0) | 7 (9.2) | 8 (15.4) | 26 (9.8) | |
| Cavitary disease | |||||
| None | 105 (81.4) | 57 (73.1) | 31 (59.6) | 193 (74.5) | .01 |
| Any Cavity | 24 (18.6) | 21 (26.9) | 21 (40.4) | 66 (25.5) | |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range; MDR, multidrug resistant; MTB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; M/XDR, MDR or XDR tuberculosis; TB, tuberculosis; USD, US dollars; XDR, extensively drug resistant.
a Patients with MTB susceptible to first-line anti-TB drugs (isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and streptomycin).
b Patients with MTB resistant to at least 1 first-line TB drug but not MDR TB (including patients with monodrug-resistant TB, polydrug-resistant TB, and patients with missing no more than 3 first-line drug-susceptibility test results).
c Patients with MTB resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin; there were 49 patients of MDR TB and 3 patients of XDR TB.
d Bold indicates that the finding is statistically significant at level of confidence of 5% (P < .05).