TABLE 1.
Summary of randomized placebo-controlled trials on the cardiometabolic effects of cranberry1
| Study, year (ref) | Intervention | Population | Age,2 y | n | Study design | Duration, wk | Dose/d | Polyphenol content | Outcomes |
| Lee et al., 2008 (59) | Cranberry extract | Adults with T2D | 65 ± 1 | 30 | Parallel | 12 | 500 mg × 3 | Not reported | ↓: TC, LDL-C; NC: FBG, HbA1c, SBP, DBP, TGs, HDL-C, oxLDL-C, insulin, HOMA-IR, CRP |
| Shidfar et al., 2012 (60) | CJ | Adults with T2D | 55 ± 9 | 58 | Parallel | 12 | 240 mL | Not reported | ↓: FBG, apoB; ↑: paraoxonase-1 activity; NC: apo A-1, Lp(a) |
| Novotny et al., 2015 (61) | LC CJ | Healthy adults | 50 ± 11 | 56 | Parallel | 8 | 480 mL | 346 mg TPs, 21 mg ACNs, 235 mg PACs | ↓: DBP, FBG, HOMA-IR, TGs, CRP; NC: SBP, insulin, HOMA-β, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, apo A-1, apo A-2, apoB, ICAM, VCAM |
| Basu et al., 2011 (62) | LC CJ, 27% | Adults with metabolic syndrome | 52 ± 8 | 31 | Parallel | 8 | 480 mL | 458 mg TPs, 25 mg ACNs | ↓: oxLDL-C, malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal; NC: SBP, DPB, FBG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, VLDL-C, TGs, IL-6, CRP, plasma antioxidant capacity |
| Dohadwala et al., 2011 (63) | CJ, 54% | Adults with CAD | 63 ± 9 | 44 | Crossover | 4 | 480 mL | 835 mg TPs, 94 mg ACNs | ↓: HDL-C, carotid femoral PWV; NC: SBP, DPB, FBG, insulin, HOMA-IR, TC, LDL-C, TGs, carotid radial PWV, CRP, ICAM-1 |
| Flammer et al., 2013 (64) | LC CJ, 54% | Adults with CVD risk factors | 49 ± 16 | 69 | Parallel | 16 | 460 mL | 800 mg TPs, 69 mg ACNs, 1224 mg PACs | NC: SBP, DBP, TC, HDL-C, TGs, AIX, pulse pressure, heart rate, reactive hyperemia index, CRP, ICAM, VCAM, IL-6, TNF-α, oxLDL-C |
| Ruel et al., 2013 (65) | LC CJ, 27% | Healthy overweight men | 45 ± 10 | 35 | Crossover | 4 | 500 mL | 400 mg TPs, 21 mg ACNs | NC: SBP, DBP, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, AIX, global endothelial function, NOx, uric acid, oxLDL-C, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin |
ACN, anthocyanin; AIX, augmentation index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CJ, cranberry juice; CRP, C-reactive protein; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C, HDL cholesterol; HOMA-β, homeostatic model assessment of β cell function; ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule; Lp(a), lipoprotein a; LC, low-calorie; LDL-C, LDL cholesterol; NC, no significant change; NOx, nitrate/nitrite; oxLDL-C, oxidized LDL cholesterol; PAC, proanthocyanidin; PWV, pulse-wave velocity; ref, reference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TP, total polyphenol; T2D, type 2 diabetes; VCAM, vascular cell adhesion molecule; VLDL-C, VLDL cholesterol; ↓, significantly different decrease from placebo group; ↑, significantly different increase from placebo group.
Values are means ± SDs.