TABLE 2.
Summary of open-label trials on the effects of cranberry on cardiometabolic markers1
| Study, year (ref) | Intervention | Population | Age, y | n | Study design | Duration | Dose/d | Polyphenol content | Outcomes |
| Ruel et al., 2006 (66) | LC CJ, 27% | Healthy sedentary men | 51 ± 102 | 30 | Crossover | 4 wk/dose | 125, 250, 500 mL | 100 mg TPs, 5 mg ACNs, 74 mg PACs/125 mL | ↓: TC:HDL-C, antioxidant capacity, NOx; ↑: HDL-C; NC: TC, LDL-C, TGs, apo A-I, apoB |
| Ruel et al., 2008 (67) | LC CJ, 27% | Healthy sedentary men | 51 ± 10 | 30 | Crossover | 4 wk/dose | 125, 250, 500 mL | 100 mg TPs, 5 mg ACNs, 74 mg PACs/125 mL | ↓: SBP, HDL-C, oxLDL-C, ICAM-1, VCAM-1; NC: DBP, heart rate, TC, LDL-C, TGs, apoB, E-selectin |
| Ruel et al., 2009 (68) | LC CJ, 27% | Healthy sedentary men | 51 ± 10 | 30 | Crossover | 4 wk/dose | 125, 250, 500 mL | 100 mg TPs, 5 mg ACNs, 74 mg PACs/125 mL | ↓: SBP, MMP-9, NOx; NC: DBP, mean arterial BP |
| Ruel et al., 2005 (69) | LC CJ, 27% | Healthy men | 38 ± 8 | 21 | Single-arm intervention; no control group | 14 d | 7 mL/kg body weight | Not reported | ↓: oxLDL-C; ↑: antioxidant capacity; NC:SBP, DBP, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TC:HDL-C, TGs, apoB, LDL-C particle size |
| Wilson et al., 2008 (70) | CJ, 27%; LC CJ, 27% | Adults with T2D and obesity | 65 ± 2 | 12 | Crossover | Single dose | Not reported | Not reported for dosage given | CJ vs. LC CJ—↑: glucose at 30 and 60 min, insulin at 60 min; NC: glucose, insulin at 120 min |
| Wilson et al., 2010 (71) | SDC, LC SDC, RC, WB | Adults with T2D | 62 ± 2 | 13 | Crossover | 30, 60, and 120 min/dose | 40 g each | Phenolic and PAC profiles reported | WB, SDC, LC SDC vs. RC—↑: glucose at 30, 60, 120 min; insulin at 30, 60 min; glucose AUC; insulin AUC |
| Simão et al., 2013 (72) | LC CJ | Adults with metabolic syndrome | 48.5 (control), 51.0 (cranberry)3 | 56 | Parallel; no-intervention control | 60 d | 700 mL | 364 mg TPs, 231 mg PACs | ↑: Adiponectin; ↓: lipoperoxidation, protein oxidation; NC: CRP, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, folic acid, homocysteine |
ACN, anthocyanin; BP, blood pressure; CJ, cranberry juice; CRP, C-reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C, HDL cholesterol; ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule; LC, low-calorie; LDL-C, LDL cholesterol; MMP, metalloproteinase; NC, no significant change; NOx, nitrites/nitrates; oxLDL-C, oxidized LDL cholesterol; PAC, proanthocyanidin; RC, raw cranberries; ref, reference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SDC, sweetened dried cranberries; TC, total cholesterol; TP, total polyphenol; T2D, type 2 diabetes; VCAM, vascular cell adhesion molecule; WB, white bread; ↓, significantly different decrease from baseline, between groups, and/or across increasing doses; ↑, significantly different increase from baseline, between groups, and/or across increasing doses.
Mean ± SD (all such values).
Median ages in control and treatment groups.