Fig. 4.

Fasting plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (a), triglyceride (b) and NEFA (c), Adipo-IR index (d) and the ratio of NEFA to insulin (e) in rats. The fructose controls (Rhodiola 0 mg/kg) and fructose Rhodiola (50 mg/kg) group had free access to 10 % fructose in their drinking water over 18 weeks. The water controls (Rhodiola 0 mg/kg) had free access to a tap water. Rhodiola (50 mg/kg) was administered by gavage daily during the last 5 weeks. The water and fructose controls received vehicle (5 % Gum Arabic) alone. Data are means ± SEM (n = 6-9 each group). * P < 0.05