Table 2.

Demographic and parental characteristics of the studied samples

Predictors	Noa	Percent	P b
Total sample, N = 3572
Gender:
Boys	1805	50.5
Girls	1767	49.5
Age:
13-year-old	1903	53.3
15-year-old	1669	46.7
Family FAS:
Low	1283	36.7
Medium	1533	43.9
High	679	19.4
Family structure:
Intact family	2454	68.9
Not-intact family	1118	31.1
Subsample of respondents living in intact families, N = 2454
Gender:
Boys	1240	50.5
Girls	1214	49.5
Age:
13 years old	1332	54.3
15 years old	1122	45.7
Family FAS:
Low	766	31.9
Medium	1084	45.1
High	553	23.0
Satisfaction with family relationships:
High	2095	86.3
Low	332	13.7
Communication with the father:			<0.001
Easy	1439	62.9
Difficult	848	37.1
Communication with the mother:
Easy	1741	75.9
Difficult	553	24.1
Quality of communication in the family:
Good	1540	62.8
Poor	914	37.2
Father’s monitoring:			<0.001
High	1211	49.3
Low	1243	50.7
Mother’s monitoring:
High	1523	62.1
Low	931	37.9
School-related parental support:
High	1276	52.0
Low	1178	48.0
Father’s emotional support:			0.002
High	1400	57.0
Low	1054	43.0
Mother’s emotional support:
High	1514	61.7
Low	940	38.3
Father’s parenting style:			<0.001
Authoritative- reciprocal	1008	41.8
Permissive-indulgent	1001	41.6
Authoritarian- repressive	188	7.8
Permissive-neglectful	213	8.8
Mather’s parenting style:
Authoritative- reciprocal	1112	45.9
Permissive-indulgent	1063	43.9
Authoritarian- repressive	153	6.2
Permissive-neglectful	96	4.0
Family time together:
Often	1148	46.8
Rare	1306	53.2
Electronic media communication with parents
Often	1065	43.4
Rare	1389	56.6
Seeing the father			<0.001
Every day	1867	77.4
Not every day	545	22.6
Seeing the mother
Every day	2276	94.0
Not every day	145	6.0

^a Frequency of missing data is not presented. ^b Significance of the difference in respondents’ opinion about the father and the mother (Chi-squared test)