Table 1.
Exposure response function (ERF) and main information taken into account for derivation
| Effect | Study | Design | Species/sex | Exposure | duration | DAF (−) | BMR or ΔRR | POD | TW (−) | Raw ERFTW | Absolute ERFTW | Unit* | Population affected | Dominant source of variability of risk estimated with this ERF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prostate cancer | A | Case/control | Human/M | Digestive | 33 y | na | 0.77 | 6.741 | 2.12 | 0.242# | 0.0019 | (μg/Lblood)−1 | Men > 45 years | IC95 % OR |
| Developmental cognitive impairment | B | Prospective cohort | Human/M | in utero + post-natal | Gestation + post-natal | Slope factor taken from the study | −0.320 | −0.320 | (μg/Lcord-blood)−1 | Male newborn | Equivalence between 1 QI point and 1 fine motor point at 18 months of age | |||
| Liver cancer | C | Experimental | Mouse/FM | Digestive | 80 wk. | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.048 | 1.30 | 2.692 | 2.692 | (mg/kg/d)−1 | All | Conversion of ingestion dose to blood concentration |
| Renal lesions | D | Experimental | Rat/F | Digestive | 20 month | 0.26 | 0.10 | 0.012 | na | 7.923# | 0.0022 | (mg/kg/d)−1 | Women | Conversion of ingestion dose to blood concentration |
A: Multigner 2010 [11], B: Boucher 2013 [13]; C: NCI 1976 [19]; D: Larson 1979 [7]. DAF: dosimetric adjustment factor for animal to human dose conversion. BMR: benchmark response. ΔRR = RR-1. POD = BMD10-HED or Δexpo. BMD10-HED = BMD10 × DAF. Δexpo = average exposure in RR group less average exposure in referent group. TW: time weighted factor (only for cancer effects). ERF: Exposure response function. Raw ERFTW: ERF resulting from Eq. 1 or 3 and weighted for time if necessary: Raw ERFTW = BMR/POD × TWF. Absolute ERF is the raw ERF from which background incidence (I0) was subtracted if necessary (POD derived from relative risk or effect restricted to a part of the population): prostate cancer in men > 45y (I0 = 0.0079), renal lesions (I0 = 0.00027). For renal lesions, the background incidence is annual new cases of women with erythematous systemic lupus. Absolute ERFTW = Raw ERFTW × I0. SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus. F = Female. M = male. “na” not appropriate
* Same unit for raw and absolute ERF. The unit of the POD is the inverse of the ERF unit. Cancer ERFs are for lifetime exposure
# Those ERFs must be used together with background incidence rates. For renal lesions, the incidence is for women with erythematous systemic lupus