Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population.
| Total population (n = 807)
|
||
|---|---|---|
| Mean (median, IQR**) | 95% CI/SD* | |
| Males | 62% | 61.8–67.7 |
| Age (yr) | 68 yrs (71, 53–81) | ± 16 yrs |
| Number of comorbidities | 1.0 (1.0, 0–2) | ± 1.3 |
| ASA score | ||
| 1–2 | 42% | 39.2–44.5 |
| 3 | 45% | 42.5–47.3 |
| 4 | 13% | 11.8–15.7 |
| In-hospital bleeding | 14% | 12–16 |
| Symptoms on presentation | ||
| Melena | 79% | 76.0–81.1 |
| Haematemesis | 28% | 25.0–30.0 |
| Hematochezia | 9% | 7.9–11.5 |
| Timing of endoscopy (hrs) | 8 (10, 2–14) | ± 10 hrs |
| Medications at presentation | ||
| NSAIDs | 34% | 31.1–36.9 |
| Aspirin | 17.5% | 15.3–20.0 |
| Anti-coagulants | 8.2% | 6.7–10.0 |
| Ca++-antagonists | 7.5% | 6.0–9.2 |
| Steroids | 6.7% | 5.5–7.8 |
| Nitrates | 6.3% | 4.9–7.9 |
| Coxib | 3.3% | 2.5–4.0 |
| Initial haemodynamic instability | 27% | 24.7–30.2 |
| Laboratory results | ||
| Initial mean haemoglobin (g/dL) | 9.21 (9.0, 6.9–11.4) | ± 2.8 SD |
| Hematocrit | 31 (30, 24–35) | ± 7 SD |
| INR | 1.4 (1.2, 1.0–1.3) | ± 1.3 SD |
| Source of bleeding at endoscopy | ||
| Duodenal ulcer | 37.8% | 34.9–40.9 |
| Gastric ulcer | 28.3% | 25.6–31.2 |
| Gastroduodenal erosions | 9.1% | 7.4–10.9 |
| Neoplasia | 5.7% | 4.0–6.9 |
| Mallory-Weiss tears | 4.5% | 3.8–5.5 |
| Esophagitis | 3.6% | 3.0–5.0 |
| Dieulafoy’s lesion | 1.4% | 0.9–2.4 |
| Other vascular source | 2.4% | 1.5–3.4 |
| No lesion identified | 7.2% | 5.7–8.9 |
IQR: interquartile range; SD: standard deviation; CI: confidence interval; NSAIDs: non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; SRH: stigmata of recent haemorrhage.
Mean daily dose of aspirin 100 ± 25 mg.
ASA score refers to the American Society of Anaesthesiologists classification of a patient’s severity and acuity of disease index.