Table 2.
Results of multiple linear regression models
| EQ-5D utility score | EQ-5D valuation score | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Covariate | Basic model | Extended model | Basic model | Extended model | |
| Intercept | 0.91 [0.90 to 0.92] | 0.96 [0.94 to 0.97] | 0.78 [0.77 to 0.79] | 0.82 [0.81 to 0.83] | |
| COPD | no COPD | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
| grade 1 | −0.04 [-0.06 to -0.02] | −0.05 [-0.07 to -0.02] | −0.05 [-0.07 to -0.03] | −0.06 [-0.07 to -0.04] | |
| grade 2 | −0.05 [-0.06 to -0.04] | −0.05 [-0.06 to -0.04] | −0.08 [-0.09 to -0.07] | −0.08 [-0.09 to -0.07] | |
| grade 3 | −0.08 [-0.09 to -0.07] | −0.09 [-0.10 to -0.08] | −0.12 [-0.13 to -0.11] | −0.13 [-0.14 to -0.12] | |
| grade 4 | −0.16 [-0.18 to -0.14] | −0.18 [-0.20 to -0.15] | −0.18 [-0.20 to -0.16] | −0.20 [-0.21 to -0.18] | |
| Age (years) | < 55 | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
| 55-64 | −0.02 [-0.04 to -0.01] | −0.01 [-0.02 to 0.00] | −0.03 [-0.04 to -0.02] | −0.02 [-0.02 to -0.01] | |
| 65-74 | −0.02 [-0.03 to -0.01] | −0.01 [-0.02 to 0.00] | −0.01 [-0.02 to -0.00] | 0.00 [-0.01 to 0.01] | |
| > 74 | −0.06 [-0.07 to -0.04] | −0.04 [-0.05 to -0.02] | −0.06 [-0.07 to -0.04] | −0.04 [-0.05 to -0.02] | |
| Sex | male | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
| female | −0.01 [-0.02 to -0.01] | −0.02 [-0.03 to -0.01] | −0.02 [-0.03 to -0.02] | −0.03 [-0.04 to -0.02] | |
| Education | basic (≤ 9 school years) | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
| secondary (10-11 school years) | 0.01 [0.01 to 0.02] | 0.01 [-0.00 to 0.02] | 0.02 [0.01 to 0.02] | 0.01 [0.00 to 0.02] | |
| higher (>11 school years) | 0.04 [0.03 to 0.05] | 0.03 [0.02 to 0.04] | 0.04 [0.03 to 0.05] | 0.03 [0.02 to 0.04] | |
| Smoking status | never smoker | ref. | ref. | ||
| smoker | −0.02 [-0.03 to -0.00] | −0.01 [-0.02 to -0.00] | |||
| former smoker | −0.01 [-0.02 to -0.00] | −0.01 [-0.01 to 0.00] | |||
| Weight | normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25) | ref. | ref. | ||
| underweight (BMI < 18.5) | 0.00 [-0.03 to 0.04] | 0.01 [-0.02 to 0.04] | |||
| overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30) | −0.02 [-0.03 to -0.01] | −0.02 [-0.02 to -0.01] | |||
| obese (BMI ≥ 30) | −0.05 [-0.06 to -0.04] | −0.05 [-0.06 to -0.04] | |||
| Comorbidities | diabetes | −0.03 [-0.04 to -0.02] | −0.02 [-0.04 to -0.01] | ||
| stroke | −0.05 [-0.07 to -0.03] | −0.05 [-0.07 to -0.03] | |||
| myocardial infarction | −0.04 [-0.05 to -0.02] | −0.04 [-0.05 to -0.02] | |||
| cancer | −0.02 [-0.04 to -0.01] | −0.02 [-0.03 to -0.01] | |||
| arthritis | −0.08 [-0.10 to -0.07] | −0.08 [-0.09 to -0.07] | |||
Estimates with p < 0.05 are printed in bold