Nonuser	Former ADHD Medication User	Current ADHD Medication User
Sudden cardiac death†
Number of cases	17	12	3
Age, mean (standard deviation)	14.6 (4.2)	18.7 (4.3)	14.0 (8.0)
Autopsy reviewed	13 (76.5%)	9 (75.0%)	3 (100.0%)
Cardiac abnormalities found at autopsy	Left ventricular hypertrophy (1) Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (3) No abnormality (9)	Left ventricular hypertrophy (1) Dilated cardiomyopathy (2) Tunneling of left anterior descending coronary artery (1) No abnormality (6)	Dilated cardiomyopathy (1) Fibro-fatty change sino- atrial node (1) Dysplasia of atrioventricular node artery (1)
Acute myocardial infarction†
Number of cases	6	2	0
Age, mean (standard deviation)	18.7 (2.7)	18.0 (1.4)	-
ST segment elevation on electrocardiogram	6 (100%)	1 (50%)	-
Coronary artery occlusion noted at cardiac catheterization (among those who underwent the procedure)	3 of 5 who had cardiac catheterization performed	1 of 2 who had cardiac catheterization performed
Stroke†
Number of cases	21	8	4
Age, mean (standard deviation)	14.9 (4.1)	16.3 (2.2)	14.5 (5.1)
Etiology, Number (%)
Hemorrhagic stroke	15 (71.4%)	2 (25.0%)	2 (50.0%)
Stroke from vessel occlusion or     vessel abnormality	2 (9.5%)	2 (25.0%)	1 (25.0%)
Embolic stroke	1 (4.8%)	1 (12.5%)	1 (25.0%)
Unknown despite imaging	2 (9.5%)	-	-
Ischemic	1 (4.8%)	3 (37.5%)

^†Cases where outcomes were validated with medical records. Note that this table excludes cases where medical records were not reviewed, including one sudden cardiac death, one acute myocardial infarction, and six strokes.