Table 2.

Characteristics of Cohort Members, According to Use of ADHD Medications at Baseline.^*

	Nonuser	Current User
Demographic characteristics
Age in years, mean	11.1	11.1
Male, %	70.9	71.1
Non-white-, %	50.5	36.8
Reside in metropolitan area, %	78.4	77.1
Psychiatric conditions†
ADHD diagnosis, %	1.3	57.4
Major depression, %	1.6	10.4
Bipolar disorder, %	0.2	2.1
Psychosis, %	0.1	0.5
Autism, %	0.2	1.4
Mental retardation, %	0.6	4.0
Prior suicide attempt, %	0.1	0.3
Psychotropic medication use†
Antidepressants, %	1.8	15.0
Mood stabilizers, %	0.5	4.2
Antipsychotics, %	0.4	5.2
Benzodiazepines, %	0.1	0.5
Medical conditions†
Asthma, %	16.1	22.1
Seizures, %	0.6	2.1
Obesity, %	0.9	1.2
Major congenital heart defect, %‡	0.5	0.8
Minor congenital heart defect, %‡	3.6	6.9
Diabetes, %	0.4	0.5
Other serious health conditions, %§	0.9	1.3
Alcohol and drug use†
Alcohol or drug use, %	0.4	1.5
Smoking, %	0.6	0.9
Use of health services†
Psychiatric hospitalization, %	0.3	1.9
Medical hospitalization, %	2.5	4.1
Medical emergency department visit, %	12.9	15.8
Any psychiatric care, %	5.4	63.1
Any cardiovascular care, %	4.0	6.0
Any outpatient visit, %	75.1	92.9
Any prescription, %	22.0	31.7

^*Adjusted for age, sex, and site.

^†Measured from claims and medications used in the 365 days before study entry.

^‡Major congenital heart defects included common truncus, transposition of the great vessels, Tetrology of Fallot, common ventricle, endocardial cushion defect, pulmonary atresia, tricuspid atresia, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, coarctation of the aorta, and total anomalous pulmonary venous return. Minor congenital heart defects included any other congenital heart anomaly.

^§Other serious health conditions included pneumonia, thyroid disease, and kidney disease.