Table 2.

Separate GEE Analyses of Withdrawal, Craving, Depressive Symptoms, Anxiety Symptoms, and Substitute and Complementary Reinforcers by 6 month Smoking Status over Time

Dependent Variable: Withdrawal	β	95% CI	p
Constant	5.93	2.51 to 9.35	.001
Nicotine Dependence	0.68	0.25 to 1.12	.002
Patch Adherence	−0.53	−0.98 to −0.07	.02
Nicotine Metabolite Ratio	3.95	0.37 to 7.63	.03
Time (Baseline vs. Week 8)	2.15	0.76 to 3.54	.002
Time (Baseline vs. 6 Months)*	1.81	0.19 to 3.43	.03
6 Months Smoking Status	2.03	−0.46 to 4.51	.11
Time (Baseline vs. Week 8) x 6 Months Smoking Status*	−1.42	−4.19 to 1.34	.31
Time (Baseline vs. 6 months) x 6 Months Smoking Status*	−4.43	−7.32 to −1.54	.003
Dependent Variable: Craving	β	95% CI	p
Constant	23.92	16.65 to 31.18	< .001
Nicotine Dependence	2.63	1.72 to 3.55	< .001
Patch Adherence	−0.39	−1.36 to 0.58	.43
Nicotine Metabolite Ratio	3.15	−4.40 to 10.71	.41
Time (Baseline vs. Week 8)*	−11.93	−15.06 to −8.79	<.001
Time (Baseline vs. 6 Months)*	−11.57	−15.20 to −7.93	<.001
6 Months Smoking Status	5.45	0.08 to 10.83	.05
Time (Baseline vs. Week 8) x 6 Months Smoking Status*	−11.42	−17.67 to −5.18	<.001
Time (Baseline vs. 6 months) x 6 Months Smoking Status*	−18.03	−24.54 to −11.52	<.001
Dependent Variable: Depressive Symptoms	β	95% CI	p
Constant	5.78	1.55 to 10.00	.007
Nicotine Dependence	0.85	0.31 to 1.39	.002
Patch Adherence	−0.47	−1.03 to 0.96	.10
Nicotine Metabolite Ratio	7.85	3.40 to 12.29	.001
Time (Baseline vs. Week 8)*	−1.74	−3.41 to −0.09	.04
Time (Baseline vs. 6 Months)*	−2.84	−4.78 to −0.90	.004
6 Months Smoking Status	1.86	−1.17 to 4.90	.23
Time (Baseline vs. Week 8) x 6 Months Smoking Status*	−1.00	−4.31 to 2.30	.55
Time (Baseline vs. 6 months) x 6 Months Smoking Status*	−2.81	−6.26 to 0.64	.11
Dependent Variable: Anxiety Symptoms	β	95% CI	p
Constant	−1.02	−5.18 to 3.14	.63
Nicotine Dependence	0.87	0.34 to 13.97	.001
Patch adherence	−0.44	−0.99 to 0.12	.12
Nicotine Metabolite Ratio	6.89	2.53 to 11.25	.001
Time (Baseline vs. Week 8)*	1.14	−0.55 to 2.83	.19
Time (Baseline vs. 6 Months) *	1.63	−0.34 to 3.60	.11
6 Months Smoking Status	2.18	−0.84 to 5.20	.16
Time (Baseline vs. Week 8) x 6 Months Smoking Status*	2.74	−0.63 to 6.11	.11
Time (Baseline vs. 6 months) x 6 Months Smoking Status*	0.10	−3.42 to 3.62	.96

Dependent Variable: Substitute Reinforcers	β	95% CI	p
Constant	39.02	27.29 to 50.76	< .001
Nicotine Dependence	−3.03	−4.53 to −1.54	< .001
Patch adherence	1.62	0.06 to 3.18	.04
Nicotine Metabolite Ratio	−8.09	−20.46 to 4.29	.20
Time (Baseline vs. Week 8)*	17.81	13.27 to 22.34	< .001
Time (Baseline vs. 6 Months)*	11.38	6.10 to 16.66	< .001
6 Months Smoking Status	−7.62	−16.02 to 0.78	.08
Time (Baseline vs. Week 8) x 6 Months Smoking Status*	8.32	−0.68 to 17.33	.07
Time (Baseline vs. 6 months) x 6 Months Smoking Status*	18.29	8.89 to 27.97	< .001
Dependent Variable: Complementary Reinforcers	β	95% CI	p
Constant	37.50	25.42 to 49.58	< .001
Nicotine Dependence	1.44	−0.12 to 3.00	.07
Patch adherence	−2.12	−3.71 to −0.54	.009
Nicotine Metabolite Ratio	1.48	−11.52 to 14.47	.80
Time (Baseline vs. Week 8)*	−22.34	−26.07 to −18.61	<.001
Time (Baseline vs. 6 Months)*	−22.00	−26.27 to −17.52	<.001
6 Months Smoking Status	−0.31	−8.53 to 7.91	.94
Time (Baseline vs. Week 8) x 6 Months Smoking Status*	−3.41	−10.78 to 3.96	.36
Time (Baseline vs. 6 months) x 6 Months Smoking Status*	−7.70	−15.19 to 0.17	.05

Note. The constant coefficient provides a reference value, and coefficients reflect changes relative to that constant;

^*denotes time-varying constructs in the model.