Table 1.
Baseline Participant Characteristicsa
| Characteristics | Clopidogrel (n = 441) |
Placebo (n = 436) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 52.7 (14.7) | 54.5 (14.4) |
| Male | 273 (61.9) | 275 (63.1) |
| Black | 221 (50.1) | 201 (46.1) |
| Body mass index, mean (SD)b | 30.2 (8.6) | 29.3 (7.5) |
| Blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg | ||
| Systolic | 141.0 (21.4) | 139.9 (21.4) |
| Diastolic | 78.8 (13.4) | 78.7 (14.3) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 217 (49.2) | 205 (47.0) |
| Cardiovascular diseasec | 110 (24.9) | 107 (24.5) |
| Cerebrovascular diseased | 23 (5.2) | 31 (7.1) |
| Peripheral arterial diseasee | 16 (3.6) | 12 (2.7) |
| Venous thromboembolic diseasef | 12 (2.7) | 15 (3.4) |
| Aspirin use | 103 (23.4) | 102 (23.4) |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB use | 246 (55.8) | 262 (60.1) |
| Statin use | 164 (37.2) | 171 (39.2) |
| Current tobacco use | 91 (20.6) | 81 (18.6) |
| Hemoglobin, mean (SD), g/dL | 11.6 (1.8) | 11.6 (1.7) |
| Serum albumin, mean (SD), g/dL | 3.7 (0.6) | 3.7 (0.6) |
| Preoperative vascular mapping | 330 (75.9) | 318 (73.8) |
| Previous arteriovenous access | 79 (17.9) | 81 (18.6) |
| Hemodialysis initiated before fistula creation | 239 (54.2) | 233 (53.4) |
| Study fistula | ||
| Forearm | 233 (52.8) | 238 (54.6) |
| Upper arm | 208 (47.2) | 198 (45.4) |
| Radial artery–cephalic vein (forearm)g | 209 (47.4) | 209 (47.9) |
| Brachial artery–cephalic vein (upper arm)h | 142 (32.2) | 138 (31.7) |
| Brachial artery–basilic vein (upper arm)h | 53 (12.0) | 47 (10.8) |
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker.
SI conversions: To convert hemoglobin to g/L, multiply by 10. To convert serum albumin to g/L, multiply by 10.
Data are expressed as No. (%) of participants unless otherwise noted. Comparisons were made using t tests for continuous variables and χ2 tests for categorical variables. For all comparisons, P > .05.
Body mass index was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the height in meters squared.
Includes history of myocardial infarction, angina, coronary artery angioplasty, coronary artery bypass surgery, or congestive heart failure.
Includes history of stroke, transient ischemic attack, or carotid endarterectomy.
Includes history of nontraumatic amputation, lower extremity angioplasty or bypass surgery, or claudication.
Includes history of deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism.
Other types of forearm anastomoses included ulnar artery–cephalic vein and radial artery–basilic vein.
Other types of upper arm anastomoses included proximal radial artery–cephalic vein and brachial artery–median cubital vein.