Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population With or Without On‐Admission Hyponatremia
| Normonatremia (n=2196) | Hyponatremia (n=360) | P Valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 76.13±12.95 | 78.04±12.24 | 0.009 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 1496 (68.1) | 229 (63.6) | 0.102 |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1355 (61.7) | 200 (55.6) | 0.032 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 806 (36.7) | 159 (44.2) | 0.008 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 669 (30.5) | 91 (25.3) | 0.054 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 163 (7.4) | 44 (12.2) | 0.003 |
| Echocardiography | |||
| LVEF, % | 54.08±20.17 | 54.83±22.05 | 0.516 |
| E/e’ | 17.70±7.80 | 19.15±8.98 | 0.035 |
| Blood examination | |||
| Hemoglobin, mg/dL | 11.85±2.26 | 11.34±2.16 | <0.001 |
| Hematocrit, % | 35.69±6.83 | 33.63±7.02 | 0.001 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 167.53±89.49 | 177.08±100.77 | 0.306 |
| eGFR, mL/min | 52.71±29.17 | 53.04±34.61 | 0.867 |
| NT‐proBNPb, pg/mL (n=961) | 5218.68±3.90 | 6768.26±4.01 | 0.031 |
| Serum sodium levels | |||
| On admission, mEq/L | 140.11±3.21 | 130.67±4.23 | <0.001 |
| At discharge, mEq/L | 138.57±4.10 | 133.85±5.12 | <0.001 |
| Changes, mEq/L | −1.72±4.25 | 3.56±6.23 | <0.001 |
| Medications at discharge | |||
| Beta‐blocker, n (%) | 1434 (65.3) | 201 (55.8) | 0.001 |
| RAS blockade, n (%) | 1871 (87.2) | 275 (76.4) | <0.001 |
| Spironolactone, n (%) | 1298 (59.1) | 183 (50.8) | 0.004 |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 1804 (82.6) | 262 (73.2) | <0.001 |
E/e’ indicates ration of early diastolic mitral flow velocity to the early diastolic mitral septal annulus motion velocity; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LVEF, left ventricle ejection fraction; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide; RAS blockade, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor blocker.
a
Continuous and categorical variables were compared by using Student t test and chi‐square test, respectively.
b
Geometric means and SDs.