Table 1.
Characteristics of 711 Participants by Diastolic LV Function Class
| Characteristic | Normal | Abnormal | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. in class | 538 | 173 | |
| No. of subjects (%) | |||
| Women | 262 (48.7) | 99 (57.2) | 0.051 |
| Smokers | 115 (21.4) | 29 (16.8) | 0.19 |
| Drinking alcohol | 391 (72.7) | 96 (55.5) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 158 (29.4) | 129 (74.6) | <0.0001 |
| Antihypertensive treatment | 88 (16.4) | 89 (51.5) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 5 (1.0) | 4 (2.3) | 0.16 |
| Mean (SD) of characteristic | |||
| Age, y | 46.7±13.8 | 63.4±13.2 | <0.0001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.8±4.0 | 28.6±4.5 | <0.0001 |
| Waist‐to‐hip ratio | 0.86±0.08 | 0.90±0.08 | <0.0001 |
| Office blood pressure, mm Hg | |||
| Systolic pressure | 125.3±14.9 | 140.5±17.8 | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic pressure | 79.1±9.0 | 81.6±10.0 | 0.002 |
| Mean arterial pressure | 94.5±9.9 | 101.2±10.2 | <0.0001 |
| Heart rate, beats per minute | 60.5±9.0 | 63.0±10.9 | 0.005 |
| Biochemical data | |||
| Serum creatinine, μmol/L | 82.2±13.3 | 87.5±21.2 | 0.002 |
| eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 83.4±16.2 | 71.8±14.6 | <0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.16±0.92 | 5.48±0.94 | 0.0001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.44±0.36 | 1.38±0.35 | 0.054 |
| Total‐to‐HDL cholesterol ratio | 3.77±1.02 | 4.18±1.06 | <0.0001 |
| Plasma glucose, mmol/L | 4.86±0.63 | 5.20±1.05 | <0.0001 |
| γ‐Glutamyltransferase, units/L | 22 (12–48) | 26 (13–53) | 0.005 |
| Insulin, pmol/L | 33.0 (14.4–71.8) | 43.1 (21.5–93.3) | <0.0001 |
| NT‐proBNP, pmol/L | 192 (91–395) | 242 (117–493) | <0.0001 |
Diastolic dysfunction includes an abnormally low age‐specific transmitral E/A ratio without increased LV filling pressures (E/e’ ≤8.5) or an elevated LV filling pressure (E/e’ >8.5) with normal or low age‐specific E/A (see references 4 and 5). Office blood pressure was the average of 5 consecutive readings. Hypertension was an office blood pressure of ≥140 mm Hg systolic, or ≥90 mm Hg diastolic, or use of antihypertensive drugs. For γ‐glutamyltransferase, insulin and NT‐proBNP values are geometric mean (interquartile range). NT‐proBNP was measured in 488 and 161 participants in the normal and abnormal LV function group, respectively. Diabetes mellitus was a self‐reported diagnosis, a fasting glucose level of at least 7 mmol/L, or use of antidiabetic agents. eGFR indicates estimated glomerular filtration rate derived by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation formula; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; LV, left ventricular; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal of the prohormone brain natriuretic peptide;