Table 1.
Effectiveness of Lifestyle Interventions on Reducing CVD Risk Through Changes in Risk Factors
| Risk Factor | Impact of Lifestyle Changes on Risk Factor Due to Interventions | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group Therapy for Smoking | Mediterranean Diet | Walking | Yoga | |
| Smoking (% quitting) | 9.90* (8.00, 12.30)28 | — | — | — |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | — | −1.70 (−3.35, −0.05)29 | −3.80 (−5.90, −1.70)30 | −4.45 (−6.99, −1.90)27 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | — | −7.35 (−10.32, −4.39)29 | −3.48 (−12.37, 5.80)30 | −17.00 (−27.29, −6.71)27 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | — | 0.94 (−1.93, 3.82)29 | 2.32 (0.46, 5.41)30 | 2.87 (1.47, 4.26)27 |
CVD indicates cardiovascular disease; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein.
*Probability of quitting smoking with group therapy compared to 5% probability of quitting without intervention. The relative proportion of quitting (relative risk) is 1.98 for group therapy vs control (95% CI: 1.60–2.46).28