Table 1.

Participant Characteristics by Cohort

Characteristics	ADHF (N=27)	Stable HFpEF (N=80)	Stable HFrEF (N=56)	Healthy (N=61)
Age (years)	72 ± 10	71 ± 7	69 ± 5	69 ± 7
Women	59%†	80%	34%	62%
Black	56%*	29%	18%	5%
Body mass index (kg/m2)	29.3±6.7*	31.9±6.5	26.6±4.3	25.9±4.9
Left ventricular ejection fraction (%)	37±16*	62±7	32±10	66±7
Hypertension	89%*	88%	52%	N/A
Diabetes mellitus	48%§	23%	27%	N/A
Ischemic heart disease	63%†	0%	25%	N/A
Diuretic	100%†	73%	82%	N/A
Beta-blocker	85%†	31%	11%	N/A
Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor or Angiotensin II receptor blocker	59%	53%	79%	N/A
Digoxin	7%‡	1%	71%	N/A

Data presented as mean ± SD or percentage.

^*ADHF is significantly different from all 3 groups

^†ADHF is significantly different than HFREF and HFPEF

^‡ADHF is significantly different than HFREF

^§ADHF is significantly different than HFPEF. Comparisons made using analysis of variance for continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables.

Abbreviations: ADHF = acute decompensated heart failure; HFpEF = heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF = heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; N/A = non-applicable