Figure 1. The Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. (A) In the presence of the destroyer complex, beta-catenin is degraded via adenomatous polyposis coli/axin/glycogen synthase kinase 3β. (B) When the binding of beta-catenin with the complex by destroying not occurs, then the beta-catenin is not phosphorylated and this protein penetrates the cell nucleus. Inside the nucleus, the beta-catenin binds to the transcription factor target genes lymphoid enhancing factor/T-cell factor to promote carcinogenesis.

LRP: lipoprotein receptor-related protein; Dsh: Dishevelled; APC: adenomatous polyposis coli; GSK3β: axin/glycogen synthase kinase 3β; LEF: lymphoid enhancing factor; TCF: T-cell factor.