Table 5.

Issues and concerns regarding TSB by stakeholder group and study area

	Study area (administrative post)
Target group	Messano	Ilha Josina	Chongoene	Calanga	Três de Fevereiro
Pregnant women	- Partners slow/or inadequate response to emergency - Partners inability to recognize warning signs requiring EmOC	- Weather conditions deteriorate quality of roads	- Long distances between homes and health facilities - Lack of access to transport - Partners decide on different care providers (e.g.: faith healers)	- Partners do not help with child caretaking and domestic chores - Distance between homes and health facilities - Lack of transportation - Scarcity of CHW - Intimidating attitudes of health facility - Women’s inability to meet the costs of care in the hospital - Medication stock-out	- Lack of ambulances
Male partners	- Lack of transport to the main road - Lack of money for transport - No-one to care for the children and household chores in the absence of the pregnant women	- Partners inability to recognize warning signs - Transporters do not accept to carry severe cases - PHC facility unable to deal with complications	- Local health facility not prepared to assist complications - Lack of ambulance for swift referrals - Lack of money for transport	- Lack of money for transport - Partners do not feel empowered to assist pregnant women	- Lack of ambulances - Lack of money to pay for transport - Pregnant women’s physical vulnerability prohibitive of walking - Unclear price list for the few cars that are available
Mothers, mothers in law of WRA	- Partners slow/or inadequate response to emergency - Lack of money to support transportation expenses	- Pregnant women keep going to the cultivating fields, increasing the risk of being alone and helpless when emergency occurs	- Limited number of CHWs - High cost of transport - Women fear going to the hospital	- Negative attitudes of health professionals	- No-one helps pregnant women at home - Difficulties in requesting a lift to those who have vehicles
Elders	- Pregnant women not satisfied with the results of the previous treatment received at the health facility - Nurse not always present at the health facility - Medication stock outs - Habit of seeking traditional treatment first - Delays in seeking care	- Not mentioned	- Inability to meet consultation cost (coupon) - Pregnant women do not follow hospital recommendations - Tradition “hides” the real diagnosis - Lack of transport to reach the main road - Small health facility not prepared for emergencies	- Not mentioned	- The habit of seeking traditional medication first
TBAs/Matrons	- Lack of transport within the neighborhood - Lack of money to pay for public transport on the main road	- Lack of income sources to pay for health care expenses in general - Men’s lack interest in taking up child caretaking and domestic chores	- Negative attitude of health professionals - Fear that health professionals will find out about previous traditional treatments taken	- Long distances between homes and health facilities - Lack of transport in the area - Medication stock-outs - Men prioritizing pleasure (ex: purchasing alcohol) over pregnancy wellbeing	- Polygamous partners not interested in the pregnancy follow-up - Lack of adequate transport for sandy roads
Health workers	- Partners’ lack of interest in “females’ issues” - Communication barriers among couples (due to HIV sero-status) - Delays in seeking ANC care	- Delays in seeking care in general	- Delays in seeking assisted delivery - Poor quality of roads	- Delays in seeking care in general - Lack of transport	- Delays in seeking care in general