Table 1.
Characteristics of the Cases and Controlsa
| Cases (n = 158) | Controls (n = 788) | |
|---|---|---|
| Male genderb, n (%) | 104 (66) | 520 (66) |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 52 (46–60) | 49 (45–54) |
| Presumed mode of HIV transmission, n (%) | ||
| Heterosexual | 55 (34.8) | 180 (22.8) |
| MSM | 48 (30.4) | 302 (38.5) |
| IDU | 46 (29.1) | 288 (36.6) |
| other/unknown | 9 (5.6) | 18 (2.3) |
| Smoking, n (%) | ||
| Never | 58 (37) | 184 (23) |
| Past | 26 (16) | 157 (20) |
| Current | 74 (47) | 447 (57) |
| pack-years, median (IQR) | 9 (0–20) | 13 (0–20) |
| Alcohol >3 units per day, n (%) | 77 (51) | 392 (49) |
| Injection drug use, n (%) | 46 (29) | 288 (37) |
| Weight (kg), median (IQR) | 67.5 (59.3–75.3) | 68.2 (60.3–77) |
| Height (cm), median (IQR) | 171 (164.2–175) | 173 (167–179) |
| Hepatitis C coinfection, n (%) | 42 (26.6) | 231 (29.3) |
| Parent hip fracture, n (%) | 35 (22.2) | 129 (16.4) |
| Corticosteroid exposure ≥3 mo, n (%) | 17 (11) | 25 (3) |
| Duration of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate treatment (years), median (range) | 2.1 (0–9.3) | 2.7 (0–9.5) |
| Duration of protease inhibitor treatment (years), median (range) | ||
| with ritonavir | 0.9 (0–14.8) | 0.8 (0–15.1) |
| without ritonavir | 4.1 (0–14.9) | 3.2 (0–15.7) |
| CD4+ T-cell count (cells/μL) | ||
| median (range) | 442 (27–1943) | 512 (5–1888) |
| nadir (range) | 119 (0–740) | 141 (0–1075) |
Abbreviations: HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IDU, injection drug use; IQR, interquartile range; MSM, men who have sex with men.
a Data are no. (%) of participants, unless otherwise indicated. For cases and controls, values refer to those closest to the fracture date of the corresponding case.
b Controls were matched to cases on gender.