Table 3. Predictors of subsequent quit attempts.
Independent Variables | % | Bivariate | Adjusted 1 | Adjusted 2 | Adjusted 3 | Adjusted 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | AOR | AOR | AOR | AOR | ||
Country | ||||||
United States | 42% | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF |
Australia | 40% | 0.92 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.03 | 1.14 |
Canada | 42% | 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 1.10 |
Mexico | 59% | 1.83c | 1.16 | 1.18 | 1.21a | 1.31b |
Age | ||||||
18–24 | 57% | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF |
25–34 | 56% | 0.96 | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.96 |
35–44 | 48% | 0.68c | 0.84 | 0.78 | 0.80 | 0.87 |
45–54 | 38% | 0.47c | 0.74a | 0.69b | 0.70b | 0.79 |
55–64 | 34% | 0.38c | 0.63b | 0.59c | 0.57c | 0.69b |
Gender | ||||||
Male | 46% | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF |
Female | 45% | 0.87a | 1.00 | 0.98 | 0.96 | 1.01 |
Education | ||||||
High school or less | 39% | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF |
Some college or university | 40% | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.05 | 1.06 |
University or more | 54% | 1.72c | 1.27b | 1.27b | 1.26b | 1.17 |
Income | ||||||
Low | 44% | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF |
Medium | 45% | 1.11 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 1.01 |
High | 47% | 1.17a | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.95 | 0.97 |
Heaviness of Smoking Intensity | 1.68^ | 0.80c | 0.95a | 0.96 | 0.95 | 0.96 |
Recent Quit attempt | ||||||
No | 21% | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF |
Yes | 76% | 13.39c | 6.89c | 6.62c | 6.83c | 6.60c |
Quit Intentions | ||||||
No | 26% | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF |
Yes | 67% | 3.53c | 2.21c | 2.10c | 2.15c | 2.16c |
Self-efficacy | 5.59^ | 1.15c | 1.04b | 1.04b | 1.06c | 1.03a |
State reactance | 3.59^ | 1.04b | 1.03a | 1.03a | 1.01 | 1.01 |
Attention to HWLs | ||||||
Never | 33% | REF | REF | N/A** | N/A*** | N/A**** |
Rarely | 39% | 1.17b | 1.24b | |||
Sometimes | 53% | 1.69c | 1.55c | |||
Often | 64% | 2.26c | 1.98c | |||
Very Often | 69% | 2.58c | 2.39c | |||
Thinking about health risks due to HWLs | ||||||
Low | 27% | REF | N/A* | REF | N/A*** | N/A**** |
Moderate | 42% | 1.64c | 1.30e | |||
High | 63% | 3.07c | 1.83f | |||
Avoiding HWLs | ||||||
No | 36% | REF | N/A* | N/A** | REF | N/A**** |
Yes | 59% | 1.90c | 1.63c | |||
Forgoing cigarettes due to HWLs | ||||||
Never | 32% | REF | N/A* | N/A** | N/A*** | REF |
Once or more | 70% | 3.26c | 2.37c |
a = p<0.05;
b = p<0.01;
c = p<0.001
^ = mean
*Model adjusts for all variables listed in the table, survey wave, and time in sample, but not avoiding HWLs, thinking about health risks due to HWLs, and forgoing cigarette due to HWLs
**Model adjusts for all variables listed in the table, survey wave, and time in sample, but not attention to HWLs, thinking about health risks due to HWLs, and forgoing cigarette due to HWLs
***Model adjusts for all variables listed in the table, survey wave, and time in sample, but not attention to HWLs, avoiding HWLs, and forgoing cigarette due to HWLs
****Model adjusts for all variables listed in the table, survey wave, and time in sample, but not attention to HWLs, thinking about health risks due to HWLs, and avoiding HWLs