Figure 4.

(A). Tumor in peritoneal cavity. Eight weeks after the intraperitoneal injection of 1000,000 individual Panc1 sphere cells, tumor nodules around the pancreas appeared in one of the 6 NOD/SCID mice. (B). HE staining of tumor and the pancreas. (C). Chemoresistance. Exposure to 5-FU (20,100 μg / ml) or gemcitabine (20,100μg / ml) for 5 days, cell viability was significantly higher in Panc1 sphere cells than in adherent cells. (D). Cytotoxic effects of metformin and curcumin. Cell growth of Panc1 adherent cells and sphere cells can all be inhibited by metformin and curcumin. Exposure to metformin（20, 100 mmol/l）or curcumin（5, 20μmol/l）for 5 days, cell viability was significantly lower in Panc1 sphere cells than in adherent cells.