. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jul 13.

Published in final edited form as: J Child Fam Stud. 2011 Dec 20;21(6):973–981. doi: 10.1007/s10826-011-9557-x

Table 1.

Sample Characteristics by Treatment Group at Pre-treatment

Variable	COMM Mean (SD) or n n = 39	CLIN Mean (SD) or n n = 37	TAU Mean (SD) or n n = 29
Sex
Male (N = 80)	30	29	21
Female (N = 25)	9	8	8
Ethnic Group
Caucasian (N = 55)	18	19	18
African-American (N = 43)	17	16	10
Hispanic (N = 1)	1	0	0
Bi-racial (N = 6)	3	2	1
Age (in years)	8.72 (1.75)	8.84 (1.69)	9.22 (1.75)
Socioeconomic status^a	37.62 (10.42)	35.78 (12.78)	28.93 (10.51)^*
Number of ODD/CD symptoms	7.44 (1.97)	8.16 (2.01)	7.90 (3.06)
Number of treatment sessions	21.44 (6.17)^**	14.27 (6.69)^**	4.32 (3.26)^**
ODD and CD Diagnoses
ODD (N = 82)	32	31	19
CD (N = 23)	7	6	10
Co-morbid ADHD	25	26	24
Raw Hormone Concentrations
Mean Cortisol (µg/dL)	0.15 (0.15)	0.13 (.04)	0.13 (0.05)
Diurnal Change in Cortisol (µg/dL)	0.67 (1.65)	0.38 (0.29)	0.30 (0.35)
Pooled Testosterone (pg/mL)	36.16 (17.03)	38.56 (20.69)	56.23 (26.20)^*
Dehydroepiandrosterone (pg/mL)	38.59 (16.94)	44.55 (30.55)	37.02 (19.75)
Androstenedione (pg/mL)	73.79 (51.16)	74.91 (43.08)	113.18 (62.15)^**

Note.

^**

p < .001;

= p < .01.

= Based on Hollingshead criteria (range: 14–60).