Table 5.

Results on testing 8th grade reading achievement as a mediator between special education placement and adult outcomes

	Path C′ Total effect	Path C Direct effect	Bootstrap coefficient Indirect effect	95% CI of Indirect effect
DV: Completed High School
IV: Ever in SPED 1-8	−0.1055 (0.0345)**	−0.0555 (0.0348)	−0.0499 (0.0106)***	−0.073 – −0.030
IV: Ever in SPED 4-8	−0.1176 (0.0443)**	−0.0606 (0.0446)	−0.0602 (0.0119)***	−0.085 – −0.039
IV: Num. of years in SPED	−0.0242 (0.0082)**	−0.0100 (0.0083)	−0.0142 (0.0028)***	−0.020 – −0.009
DV: Year of Education
IV: Ever in SPED 1-8	−0.3599 (0.1264)**	−0.0999 (0.1253)	−0.2599 (0.0476)***	−0.359 – −0.173
IV: Ever in SPED 4-8	−0.4878 (0.1625)**	−0.1933 (0.1604)	−0.3113 (0.0508)***	−0.411 – −0.214
IV: Num. of years in SPED	−0.0918 (0.0301)**	−0.0180 (0.0301)	−0.0738 (0.0002)***	−0.098 – −0.051
IV: Ever in SPED for LD	−0.4907 (0.1693)**	−0.0964 (0.1692)	−0.3942 (0.0658)***	−0.531 – −0.274
DV: Incarceration
IV: Ever in SPED 1-8	0.0637 (0.0253)*	0.0318 (0.0258)	0.0318 (0.0075)***	0.018 – 0.047
IV: Ever in SPED 4-8	0.1154 (0.0318)***	0.0803 (0.0324)*	0.0359 (0.0084)***	0.020 – 0.053
IV: Number of years in SPED	0.0159 (0.0061)**	0.0072 (0.0062)	0.0087 (0.0020)***	0.005 – 0.013
IV: Ever in SPED for EBD	0.1786 (0.0545)**	0.1501 (0.0543)**	0.0285 (0.0105)**	0.009 – 0.051

Note: Standard errors are presented in parentheses. DV is dependent variable. IV is independent variable. Indirect effect is mediated effect. Mediation test was used only among variables that met the following criteria for mediation: (1) the IV must be a significant predictor of the DV; (2) the IV must be a significant predictor of the mediator; (3) the mediator must be a significant predictor of the DV, while controlling for the IV (Baron & Kenny, 1986). Variables that did not meet these criteria were not included in the mediation analysis.

^*p < 0.05,

^**p < 0.01,

^***p < 0.001