Table 3. Characteristics of the patients who died and those who survived.

Characteristic	Survived (n=15)	Died (n=20)	p-value
Age, yr	39 (16–60)	51.5 (20–83)	0.059
Sex
Male	10 (66.7)	17 (85.0)	0.246
Female	5 (33.3)	3 (15.0)
History of smoking	12 (80.0)	17 (85.0)	1.000
History of previous TB	2 (13.3)	9 (45.0)	0.069
Presence of DM	2 (13.3)	6 (30.0)	0.419
Duration of symptoms, day	40 (2–180)	40 (7–365)	0.780
Drug resistance	1 (6.7)	9 (45.0)	0.022
Scores
APACHE II	14 (7–21)	22 (16–32)	<0.001
SOFA	2.5 (1–7)	9 (2–14)	<0.001
Need for IMV	6 (40.0)	18 (90.0)	0.003
Need for NIMV	13 (86.7)	10 (50.0)	0.034
PaO2/FiO2	202 (84–376)	144 (59–298)	0.017
Blood pH	7.43 (7.08–7.52)	7.21 (7.08–7.48)	0.019
WBC, ×103/µL	7.2 (4.7–42.9)	12.4 (2–28.6)	0.386
Hematocrit, %	30.4 (21.5–45)	29.2 (22–39)	0.172
Albumin, g/dL	3.1 (1.7–3.8)	2.4 (1–3.1)	0.002
ALT, U/L	35 (8–107)	19.5 (7–146)	0.766
AST, U/L	59 (11–158)	41.5 (10–380)	0.726
Sodium, mmol/L	133 (122–140)	133.5 (120–151)	0.569
Potassium, mmol/L	4.4 (3.5–5.1)	4.3 (2.7–5.9)	0.358
Creatinine, mg/dL	0.7 (0.2–1.3)	0.6 (0.2–3.1)	0.856
C-reactive protein, mg/L	50 (1.5–273)	22.6 (4.2–187)	0.806
Additional bacterial growth	11 (73.3)	15 (75.0)	1.000
Presence of shock	2 (18.2)	17 (89.5)	<0.001
Multiple organ failure	2 (13.3)	14 (70.0)	0.001
Acute renal insufficiency	3 (20.0)	10 (50.0)	0.069

Values are presented as median (range) or number (%).

TB: tuberculosis; DM: diabetes mellitus; APACHE: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; IMV: invasive mechanical ventilation; NIMV: non-invasive mechanical ventilation; PaO₂/FIO₂: partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen; WBC: white blood cell; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase.