Table 2.
Genes expressed more than 10-fold (p < 0.01) in the liver of vaccinated mice infected with P. chabaudi on day 11 p.i. (Vd11) in comparison to constitutive expression on day 0 p.i. (Vd0).
| Gene | Gene description | RefSeq ID Agilent ID | Vd11 vs. Vd0 | p-value | Function (according to www.genecards.org) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERYTHROPOIESIS | |||||
| Add2 | Adducin 2 (beta) |
NM_001271859 A_55_P2063376 |
151 | 0.007 | “Belongs to a family of membrane skeletal proteins involved in the assembly of spectrin-actin network in erythrocytes and at sites of cell-cell contact in epithelial tissues.” |
| Ank1 | Ankyrin 1, erythroid |
NM_001110783 A_55_P2063785 |
125 | 0.002 | “Ankyrins are a family of proteins that link the integral membrane proteins to the underlying spectrin-actin cytoskeleton and play key roles in activities such as cell motility, activation, proliferation, contact and the maintenance of specialized membrane domains. Erythrocyte ankyrins also link spectrin to the cytoplasmic domain of the erythrocytes anion exchange protein.” |
| Ermap | Erythroblast membrane-associated protein |
NM_013848 A_51_P391716 |
123 | 0.002 | “The protein encoded by this gene is a cell surface transmembrane protein that may act as an erythroid cell receptor, possibly as a mediator of cell adhesion.” |
| Gata1 | GATA binding protein 1 |
NM_008089 A_55_P2046852 |
113 | 0.003 | “This gene encodes a protein which belongs to the GATA family of transcription factors. The protein plays an important role in erythroid development by regulating the switch of fetal hemoglobin to adult hemoglobin.” |
| Gfi1b | Growth factor independent 1B |
NM_008114 A_51_P370678 |
79 | 0.003 | “This gene encodes a zinc-finger containing transcriptional regulator that is primarily expressed in cells of hematopoietic lineage. Involved in control of expression of genes involved in the development and maturation of erythrocytes and megakaryocytes.” |
| Rhd | Rh blood group, D antigen |
NM_011270 A_51_P241769 |
591 | 0.007 | “The Rh blood group includes this gene, which encodes the RhD protein, and a second gene that encodes both the RhC and RhE antigens on a single polypeptide.” |
| Slc4a1 | Solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1 |
NM_011403 A_51_P196972 |
119 | 0.007 | “The protein encoded by this gene is part of the anion exchanger (AE) family and is expressed in the erythrocyte plasma membrane, where it functions as a chloride/bicarbonate exchanger involved in carbon dioxide transport from tissues to lungs.” |
| Tmod1 | Tropomodulin 1 |
NM_021883 A_51_P297069 |
15 | <0.001 | “The encoded protein is an actin-capping protein that regulates tropomyosin by binding to its N-terminus, inhibiting depolymerization and elongation of the pointed end of actin filaments and thereby influencing the structure of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton.” |
| MITOSIS | |||||
| Aspm | Asp (abnormal spindle)-like, microcephaly associated |
NM_009791 A_55_P1988228 |
13 | <0.001 | “Probable role in mitotic spindle regulation and coordination of mitotic processes. May have a preferential role in regulating neurogenesis.” |
| Bub1b | Budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1 homolog, beta |
NM_009773 A_51_P490509 |
16 | 0.005 | “The protein has been localized to the kinetochore and plays a role in the inhibition of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), delaying the onset of anaphase and ensuring proper chromosome segregation.” |
| Casc5 | Cancer susceptibility candidate 5 |
NM_029617 A_51_P442964 |
13 | 0.004 | “Performs two crucial functions during mitosis: it is essential for spindle-assembly checkpoint signaling and for correct chromosome alignment. Required for attachment of the kinetochores to the spindle microtubules.” |
| Ccna2 | Cyclin A2 |
NM_009828 A_51_P481920 |
18 | 0.003 | “Essential for the control of the cell cycle at the G1/S (start) and the G2/M (mitosis) transitions.” |
| Cdca5 | Cell division cycle associated 5 |
NM_026410 A_51_P125135 |
78 | 0.005 | “Regulator of sister chromatid cohesion in mitosis stabilizing cohesin complex association with chromatin. May antagonize the action of WAPAL which stimulates cohesin dissociation from chromatin.” |
| Cenpe | Centromere protein E |
NM_173762 A_51_P164014 |
14 | 0.005 | “Essential for the maintenance of chromosomal stability through efficient stabilization of microtubule capture at kinetochores. Plays a key role in the movement of chromosomes toward the metaphase plate during mitosis.” |
| Diap3 | Diaphanous homolog 3 |
NM_019670 A_52_P104824 |
11 | <0.001 | “Binds to GTP-bound form of Rho and to profilin. Acts in a Rho-dependent manner to recruit profilin to the membrane, where it promotes actin polymerization. It is required for cytokinesis, stress fiber formation, and transcriptional activation of the serum response factor. DFR proteins couple Rho and Src tyrosine kinase during signaling and the regulation of actin dynamics.” |
| Ercc6l | Excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency complementation group 6 like |
NM_146235 A_51_P123134 |
14 | 0.005 | “DNA helicase that acts as an essential component of the spindle assembly checkpoint. Contributes to the mitotic checkpoint by recruiting MAD2 to kinetochores and monitoring tension on centromeric chromatin.” |
| Hist1h2ab | Histone cluster 1, H2ab |
NM_175660 A_52_P420466 |
13 | 0.004 | “Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template.” |
| Hist3h2ba | Histone cluster 3, H2ba |
NM_030082 A_55_P2036813 |
15 | 0.007 | “Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template.” |
| Kif15 | Kinesin family member 15 |
NM_010620 A_52_P227391 |
15 | <0.001 | “Plus-end directed kinesin-like motor enzyme involved in mitotic spindle assembly Among its related pathways are Class I MHC mediated antigen processing and presentation and hemostasis.” |
| Kif18b | Kinesin family member 18B |
NM_197959 A_52_P520466 |
24 | <0.001 | “In complex with KIF2C, constitutes the major microtubule plus-end depolymerizing activity in mitotic cells. Its major role may be to transport KIF2C and/or MAPRE1 along microtubules.” |
| Kif4 | Kinesin family member 4 |
NM_008446 A_51_P254805 |
10 | 0.001 | “Motor protein that translocates PRC1 to the plus ends of interdigitating spindle microtubules during the metaphase to anaphase transition, an essential step for the formation of an organized central spindle midzone and midbody and for successful cytokinesis. May play a role in mitotic chromosomal positioning and bipolar spindle stabilization.” |
| Mns1 | Meiosis-specific nuclear structural protein 1 |
NM_008613 A_51_P100174 |
13 | 0.006 | “May play a role in the control of meiotic division and germ cell differentiation through regulation of pairing and recombination during meiosis.” |
| Nusap1 | Nucleolar and spindle associated protein 1 |
NM_133851 A_51_P240453 |
17 | 0.001 | “NUSAP1 is a nucleolar-spindle-associated protein that plays a role in spindle microtubule organization.” |
| Prc1 | Protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 |
NM_145150 A_55_P1988083 |
14 | <0.001 | “This gene encodes a protein that is involved in cytokinesis. The protein is present at high levels during the S and G2/M phases of mitosis but its levels drop dramatically when the cell exits mitosis and enters the G1 phase.” |
| Sgol1 | Shugoshin-like 1 |
NM_028232 A_51_P487999 |
17 | <0.001 | “Plays a central role in chromosome cohesion during mitosis by preventing premature dissociation of cohesin complex from centromeres after prophase, when most of cohesin complex dissociates from chromosomes arms.” |
| Ska1 | Spindle and kinetochore associated complex subunit 1 |
NM_025581 A_52_P139650 |
26 | 0.003 | “Component of the SKA1 complex, a microtubule-binding subcomplex of the outer kinetochore that is essential for proper chromosome segregation. Required for timely anaphase onset during mitosis, when chromosomes undergo bipolar attachment on spindle microtubules leading to silencing of the spindle checkpoint.” |
| Spag5 | Sperm associated antigen 5 |
NM_017407 A_51_P513530 |
19 | <0.001 | “Essential component of the mitotic spindle required for normal chromosome segregation and progression into anaphase.” |
| Ube2c | Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C |
NM_026785 A_51_P451151 |
18 | 0.003 | “Accepts ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. Acts as an essential factor of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome, a cell cycle-regulated ubiquitin ligase that controls progression through mitosis.” |
| Uhrf1 | Ubiquitin-like, containing PHD and RING finger domains, 1 |
NM_010931 A_55_P2035286 |
11 | <0.001 | “This gene encodes a member of a subfamily of RING-finger type E3 ubiquitin ligases. The protein binds to specific DNA sequences, and recruits a histone deacetylase to regulate gene expression. Its expression peaks at late G1 phase and continues during G2 and M phases of the cell cycle.” |
| CELL CYCLE | |||||
| Birc5 | Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5 |
NM_001012273 A_55_P1983773 |
11 | <0.001 | “Multitasking protein that has dual roles in promoting cell proliferation and preventing apoptosis. Component of a chromosome passage protein complex (CPC) which is essential for chromosome alignment and segregation during mitosis and cytokinesis.” |
| Bub1 | Budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1 homolog |
NM_009772 A_51_P123405 |
15 | 0.006 | “The encoded protein functions in part by phosphorylating members of the mitotic checkpoint complex and activating the spindle checkpoint. This protein also plays a role in inhibiting the activation of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome.” |
| Ccnb1 | Cyclin B1 |
NM_172301 A_55_P2065671 |
14 | 0.009 | “Essential for the control of the cell cycle at the G2/M (mitosis) transition.” |
| Ccnb2 | Cyclin B2 |
NM_007630 A_51_P457528 |
12 | <0.001 | “Essential for the control of the cell cycle at the G2/M (mitosis) transition.” |
| Cdc25b | Cell division cycle 25B |
NM_023117 A_52_P612382 |
12 | 0.005 | “The protein is nuclear in the M and G1 phases of the cell cycle and moves to the cytoplasm during S and G2.” |
| Espl1 | Extra spindle poles-like 1 |
NM_001014976 A_52_P658437 |
14 | 0.001 | “Caspase-like protease, which plays a central role in the chromosome segregation by cleaving the SCC1/RAD21 subunit of the cohesin complex at the onset of anaphase.” |
| Melk | Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase |
NM_010790 A_55_P2013336 |
15 | <0.001 | “Acts as a regulator of cell cycle, notably by mediating phosphorylation of CDC25B, promoting localization of CDC25B to the centrosome and the spindle poles during mitosis.” |
| Mybl2 | Myeloblastosis oncogene-like 2 |
NM_008652 A_55_P1997141 |
16 | 0.003 | “The protein encoded by this gene, a member of the MYB family of transcription factor genes, is a nuclear protein involved in cell cycle progression. The encoded protein is phosphorylated by cyclin A/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 during the S-phase of the cell cycle and possesses both activator and repressor activities.” |
| Plk1 | Polo-like kinase 1 |
NM_011121 A_51_P344566 |
11 | 0.008 | “Polo-like kinases (PLKs) are a family of four serine/threonine protein kinases that are critical regulators of cell cycle progression, mitosis, cytokinesis, and the DNA damage response.” |
| Rgcc | Regulator of cell cycle |
NM_025427 A_51_P226269 |
14 | 0.003 | “Modulates the activity of cell cycle-specific kinases. Enhances CDK1 activity. May contribute to the regulation of the cell cycle.” |
| Rrm2 | Ribonucleotide reductase M2 |
NM_009104 A_55_P2173982 |
18 | 0.001 | “Provides the precursors necessary for DNA synthesis. Catalyzes the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleotides. Inhibits Wnt signaling.” |
| DNA REPAIR | |||||
| Bard1 | BRCA1 associated RING domain 1 |
NM_007525 A_55_P2186648 |
11 | <0.001 | “The BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer specifically mediates the formation of Lys-6-linked polyubiquitin chains and coordinates a diverse range of cellular pathways such as DNA damage repair, ubiquitination and transcriptional regulation to maintain genomic stability. Plays a central role in the control of the cell cycle in response to DNA damage.” |
| Fanci | Fanconi anemia, complementation group I |
NM_145946 A_55_P2025790 |
14 | <0.001 | “Plays an essential role in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks by homologous recombination and in the repair of interstrand DNA cross-links by promoting FANCD2 monoubiquitination by FANCL and participating in recruitment to DNA repair sites.” |
| Neil3 | Nei like 3 |
NM_146208 A_52_P251366 |
35 | 0.003 | “NEIL3 belongs to a class of DNA glycosylases homologous to the bacterial Fpg/Nei family. These glycosylases initiate the first step in base excision repair by cleaving bases damaged by reactive oxygen species and introducing a DNA strand break via the associated lyase reaction.” |
| Top2a | Topoisomerase (DNA) II alpha |
NM_011623 A_55_P1995205 |
19 | 0.003 | “Control of topological states of DNA by transient breakage and subsequent rejoining of DNA strands. Topoisomerase II makes double-strand breaks. Essential during mitosis and meiosis for proper segregation of daughter chromosomes.” |
| CELL PROLIFERATION | |||||
| Kcnn4 | Potassium intermediate/small conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily N, member 4 |
NM_008433 A_51_P389636 |
17 | <0.001 | “The protein encoded by this gene is part of a potentially heterotetrameric voltage-independent potassium channel that is activated by intracellular calcium. Activation is followed by membrane hyperpolarization, which promotes calcium influx. The encoded protein may be part of the predominant calcium-activated potassium channel in T-lymphocytes.” |
| Mki67 | Antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki 67 |
NM_001081117 A_51_P253803 |
28 | 0.002 | “This gene encodes a nuclear protein that is associated with and may be necessary for cellular proliferation.” |
| IMMUNITY | |||||
| Cd24a | CD24a antigen |
NM_009846 A_52_P244193 |
33 | 0.005 | “This gene encodes a sialoglycoprotein that is expressed on mature granulocytes and B cells and modulates growth and differentiation signals to these cells.” |
| Lrr1 | Leucine rich repeat protein 1 |
NM_001081406 A_55_P2076941 |
12 | 0.003 | “LRR1 specifically interacts with TNFRSF9/4-1BB, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. Overexpression of this gene suppresses the activation of NF-kappa B induced by TNFRSF9 or TNF receptor-associated factor 2, which suggests that this protein is a negative regulator of TNFRSF9-mediated signaling cascades.” |
| Pbk | PDZ binding kinase |
NM_023209 A_51_P230098 |
16 | 0.002 | “This gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase related to the dual specific mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) family. Evidence suggests that mitotic phosphorylation is required for its catalytic activity. The encoded protein may be involved in the activation of lymphoid cells.” |
| Trim59 | Tripartite motif-containing 59 |
NM_025863 A_55_P2030938 |
16 | <0.001 | “May serve as a multifunctional regulator for innate immune signaling pathways.” |
| TISSUE PERMEABILITY | |||||
| Cldn13 | Claudin 13 |
NM_020504 A_51_P469568 |
228 | 0.006 | “Claudins are integral membrane proteins and components of tight junction strands. Tight junction strands serve as a physical barrier to prevent solutes and water from passing freely through the paracellular space between epithelial or endothelial cells.” |
| Mfsd2b | Major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2B |
NM_001033488 A_55_P2159746 |
31 | 0.006 | “Mfsd2a is expressed in blood vessels that form the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Knockout of Mfsd2a increases results in leaky BBB and in particular transcytosis without otherwise affecting tight-junctions. (PMID: 4828040)” |
| MISCELLANEOUS | |||||
| Abcg4 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family G (WHITE), member 4 |
NM_138955 A_55_P2018002 |
78 | <0.001 | “The protein encoded by this gene is included in the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. This protein is a member of the White subfamily and is expressed predominantly in liver tissue.” |
| Btnl10 | Butyrophilin-like 10 |
NM_138678 A_55_P2045931 |
68 | 0.002 | Miscellaneous. |
| Cd24a | CD24a antigen |
NM_009846 A_52_P244193 |
33 | 0.005 | “This gene encodes a sialoglycoprotein that is expressed on mature granulocytes and B cells and modulates growth and differentiation signals to these cells.” |
| Depdc1b | DEP domain containing 1B |
NM_178683 A_51_P303749 |
12 | <0.001 | Miscellaneous. |
| Fam109b | Family with sequence similarity 109, member B |
NM_177391 A_55_P1972648 |
14 | 0.006 | “Plays a role in endocytic trafficking. Required for receptor recycling from endosomes, both to the trans-Golgi network and the plasma membrane.” |
| Fhdc1 | FH2 domain containing 1 |
NM_001205355 A_55_P1985693 |
43 | <0.001 | Miscellaneous. |
| Nrip3 | Nuclear receptor interacting protein 3 |
NM_020610 A_55_P2000943 |
40 | 0.009 | Miscellaneous. |
| Prkar2b | Protein kinase, cAMP dependent regulatory, type II beta |
NM_011158 A_55_P2122200 |
15 | <0.001 | “Protein kinase A (PKA, aka cAMP-dependent protein kinase) is involved in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism and is a component of the signal transduction mechanism of certain GPCRs.” |
| Retnlg | Resistin like gamma |
NM_181596 A_52_P425839 |
12 | 0.001 | Miscellaneous. |