Table 2. Characteristics of the study population, by gender.
| Characteristics | Males | Females | Total | P-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 80 | 137 | 217 | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| AM ± ASDb | 59.4 ± 14.0 | 60.1 ± 15.7 | 59.9 ± 15.1 | 0.745 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| AM ± ASD | 24.3 ± 3.4 | 24.5 ± 3.3 | 24.4 ± 3.3 | 0.675 |
| Smokers(%) | 67 | 3 | 27 | 0.000 |
| Urinary Cd (μg/g creatinine) | ||||
| GM (GSD)c | 1.25 (2.08) | 1.27 (2.30) | 1.26 (2.21) | 0.387 |
| SBP | ||||
| AM ± ASD | 145.6 ± 21.5 | 141.9 ± 25.2 | 143.3 (23.9) | 0.277 |
| DBP | ||||
| AM ± ASD | 87.5 ± 13.0 | 82.8 ± 15.4 | 84.5 ± 14.7 | 0.024 |
| HTN (%) | 50 | 36 | 41 | 0.040 |
| BMG (μg/g creatinine) | ||||
| GM (GSD) | 124.7 (4.6) | 106.4 (3.8) | 113.4(4.1) | 0.163 |
| NAG (U/g creatinine) | ||||
| GM (GSD) | 3.9 (2.3) | 3.7 (2.3) | 3.7 (2.3) | 0.493 |
| Diabetes (%) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0.856 |
aDifference between males and females.
bArithmetic mean ± arithmetic standard deviation.
cGeometric mean (geometric standard deviation).