(A) MARC-145 cells and PAMs were transfected with poly (I:C) for 12 h and 24 h. Nuclear proteins were extracted and the nuclear translocation of IRF3 and SAMHD1 expression were analyzed using Western blotting. PCNA was used as a loading control. (B) MARC-145 cells were pretreated with 2 μM BX 795 for 2 h, and then infected with NDV at an MOI of 1 for 16 h together with or without the inhibitor. (C) The upregulation of SAMHD1 expression was inhibited in PAMs infected with PRRSV by BX 795. PAMs were pretreated with 1 μM BX 795 for 2 h and then infected with HP-PRRSV at an MOI of 5 for 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h. BX 795 was present throughout the duration of infection. HP-PRRSV infected PAMs were used as a positive control, and the untreated cells served as a negative control. Changes in TBK1, IRF3 phosphorylation, and SAMHD1 expression were evaluated using the specific monoclonal antibodies as indicated. (D) HeLa and MARC-145 cells were pretreated with 2 μm BX 795 for 2 h, and then treated with 1,000 U/mL IFN-α, in the presence of the inhibitor for 12 h or left untreated. Expression levels of SAMHD1 compared to β-actin or PCNA are shown. Uncropped images of blots are shown in Supplementary Figure 7.