Figure 4. Rotation of WT E. coli cells on PDMS line patterns.

(a) Definition of cell orientation during rotation. Rotational trajectory ((b,d,f,h) unit of x and y-axis is 0.16 μm/pixel) and the angle between cell body and the substratum surface (x-y plane) (c,e,g,i); e.g., (b,c) are shown for a cell tethered on the top of a narrow protruding line; (d,e) are shown for a cell tethered on the top of a line with medium width; (f,g) are shown for a cell tethered on the top of a wide line; (h,i) are shown for a cell tethered on the vertical side of a narrow line.