Table 1.
Characteristics of trials included in the meta-analysis
| a. Moxibustion vs. Western medications | ||||||
| Included trials | Eligibility criteria | Interventions and treatment duration | Sample and characteristics (male female, age, disease duration) | Outcome Criteria (effective rate Criteria) | ||
| Trial | Control | Trial | Control | |||
| Wu 2014 [59] | CD&TETCMD&S | Moxibustion Duration:30d |
Estazolam Duration:30d | 91; AGE: 20-75; Disease duration:3 m-30y |
91; AGE: 20-75; Disease duration:3 m-30y; |
Unclear |
| Wong 2014 [62] | CCMD-3 | Moxibustion Duration:20d |
Estazolam Duration:20d |
40 (M: 18, F: 22); AGE: 18-63 (mean: 38); Disease duration: 1.5 m-4y |
40 (M: 16; F: 24); AGE: 18-66 (mean: 39); Disease duration:1.2 m-6y |
GCTNPCM |
| Yu 2012 [60] |
-CCMD-3 -ICD10 |
Moxibustion Duration:21d |
Estazolam Duration: 14 d |
30; AGE: 13-65; Disease duration: 1 m-8 y |
30; AGE: 13-65; Disease duration:1 m-8y; |
GCTNPCM |
| Ju 2009 [54] |
Sleep efficiency computation | Moxibustion Duration:10d |
Estazolam Duration: 10 d |
40 (M: 18, F: 22); AGE: 25-75; Disease duration: 0.5y-5 y |
35 (M: 14 F: 21); AGE: 25-75; Disease duration:0.5y-5y |
Sleep efficiency computation |
| Yuan 2007 [61] | -CCMD-3 -ICD10 |
Moxibustion Duration:20d |
-Diazepam -Oryzanol --VB1 Duration: 20 d |
40; AGE 14-65; Disease duration: 1 m-10 y; |
40; AGE 14-65; Disease duration:1 m-10 y; |
GCTNPCM |
| b. Moxibustion vs. oral Chinese medicine | ||||||
| Included trials | Eligibility criteria | Interventions and treatment duration | Sample and characteristics (male female, age, disease duration) | Outcome Criteria (effective rate Criteria) | ||
| Trial | Control | Trial | Control | |||
| Jiao 2015 [65] | -CCMD-3 -CDT&ETCMD&S |
-Moxibustion -SanhuangAnshen Decoction Duration: 30d | SanhuangAnshen Decoction Duration: 30d |
80 (M: 37, F: 43); AGE: (mean: 67.8); Disease duration: -; |
79 (M: -, F: -); AGE: (mean: 65.1); Disease duration: -; |
CDT&ETCMD&S |
| Liu 2015 [66] | -CCMD-3 -GCTNPCM |
Grain-moxibustion Duration: 14 d |
Renshenguipi pill Duration: 14 d |
38; AGE: 18-70; Disease duration: -; |
38; AGE: 18-70; Disease duration: -; |
GCTNPCM |
| Zhang 2014 [68] | -CCMD-3 | -Moxibustion -Huatanjieyu decoction Duration: 10 d |
Huatanjieyu decoction Duration: 7 d |
59; AGE: 34-65; Disease duration: -; |
59; AGE: 34-65; Disease duration: -; |
Unclear |
| He 2014 [63] | -ICD-10- -GCTNPCM |
-Moxibustion -Tianwangbuxin decoction Duration: 32 d |
Tianwangbuxin decoction Duration: 28 d |
30 (M: 12, F: 18); AGE:30-60 (mean:45.3 ± 4. 4); Disease duration: -; |
30 (M: 13, F: 17); AGE:31-60 (mean:46.2 ± 5.1); Disease duration: -; |
GCTNPCM |
| Wu 2010 [67] | -CCMD-3 -CDT&ETCMD&S |
-Heat-sensitive Moxibustion –AnshenBunao decoction Duration: 22 d |
AnshenBunao decoction Duration: 22 d |
30 (M: 13, F: 17); AGE:33-74 (mean:46.8); Disease duration: 1 w-2.7 y |
30 (M: 11, F: 19); AGE:35-75 (mean:45.7); Disease duration: 1w-2.5 y |
GCTNPCM |
| Hu 2007 [64] |
PSQI | Moxibustion Duration: 30 d |
AnshenBunao Ye Duration: 30 d |
30 (M: 12, F: 18); AGE: 19-65; Disease duration: 24 d-16 y |
30 (M: 14, F: 16); AGE: 18-67; Disease duration: 20 d-14 y |
PSQI |
| c. Moxibustion vs. other TCM therapies | ||||||
| Included trials | Eligibility criteria | Interventions and treatment duration | Sample and characteristics (male female, age, disease duration) | Outcome Criteria (effective rate criteria) | ||
| Trial | Control | Trial | Control | |||
| Xie 2015 [77] | CCMD-3 | -Moxibustion -Head-acupoint massage Duration: 28 d |
Head-acupoint massage Duration: 28 d |
30 (M: 17, F: 13); AGE: (mean: 43.3 ± 13.8 y); Disease duration: (mean: 11.5 ± 5.3 m); |
30 (M: 14, F: 16); AGE: (mean: 42.7 ± 12.4 y); Disease duration: (mean: 10.8 ± 4.7 m); |
GCTNPCM |
| Wang 2014 [76] | Unclear | -Moxibustion -Point-application Duration:15 d |
Point-application Duration:15 d |
18 (M: 10, F: 8); AGE:39-65y (mean:45.2 y); Disease duration: - |
18 (M: 11, F: 7); AGE:41-69y (mean:48.1 y); Disease duration: - |
Unclear |
| Xu 2014 [78] | CD&TETCMD&S | -Heat-sensitive Moxibustion -Head-needle acupuncture Duration:24 d |
Head-needle acupuncture Duration:24 d |
58 (M: -, F: -); AGE: 18-70 y; Disease duration: 12 m-60 m |
54 (M: -,F: -); AGE: 18-70 y; Disease duration: 12 m-60 m |
sleep efficiency by international standard |
| Shu 2014 [75] | GCTNPCM | -Moxibustion -Head-acupoint massage Duration:15 d |
Head-acupoint massage Duration: 15 d |
9 (M: 0, F: 9); AGE: 30-56; Disease duration: 2 m-7 m |
9 (M: 0, F: 9); AGE: 30-56; Disease duration: 2 m-7 m |
GCTNPCM |
| Ma 2014 [73] | CCMD-3 | -Moxibustion -Auricular-plaster therapy Duration:47 d |
Auricular-plaster therapy Duration:47 d |
99 (M: 38, F: 61); AGE: 20-64 y (mean: 38 ± 13 y); Disease duration: 0.5 y-20y (mean: 7.48 ± 4.57 y) |
96 (M: 33, F: 63); AGE: 21-62 y (mean: 37 ± 12 y); Disease duration: 0.5 y-20 y (mean: 7.13 ± 4.92 y) |
unclear |
| Li 2014 [70] | ICD-10 | -Moxibustion -Acupuncture Duration:21 d |
-Acupuncture Duration:21 d |
35 (M: 12, F: 23); AGE: 20-60 y (mean: 45 ± 3. 5 y); Disease duration: 1 m-18 m (mean: 5.5 ± 4.2 m) |
35 (M: 8, F: 27); AGE: 25-60 (mean: 48 ± 4. 9 y); Disease duration: 1 m-18 m (mean: 5.6 ± 0.4 m) |
GCTNPCM |
| Quan 2012 [74] | CCMD-2-R | -Moxibustion -Acupuncture Duration:43 d |
Acupuncture Duration:43 d |
36 (M: 15, F: 21); AGE: 19-67 y (mean:38.9 y); Disease duration: 6 m-9 y (mean: 5.3 y); |
36 (M: 17, F: 19); AGE: 20-68 y (mean:40.6 y); Disease duration: 5 m-10 y (mean: 5 y); |
GCTNPCM |
| Ao 2011 [69] | CCMD-3 | -Moxibustion -Acupuncture Duration:32-33 d |
Acupuncture Duration:32-33d |
34 (M: 13, F: 21); AGE: (mean:40.54 ± 11.27); Disease duration: (mean: 9.7 ± 2.45 m); |
33 (M: 14, F: 19); AGE: (mean:39.67 ± 11.93); Disease duration: (mean: 8.47 ± 1.69 m); |
Sleep efficiency by international standard |
| Li 2011 [5] | CCMD-3 | -Moxibustion -Acupuncture Duration:28 d |
Acupuncture Duration:28 d |
100 (M: 46, F: 54); AGE: (mean: 35.58 ± 9.87); Disease duration: (mean: 21.59 ± 7.87 m); |
98 (M: 45, F: 53); AGE: (mean: 36.67 ± 10.93); Disease duration:(mean: 22.76 ± 8.39 m); |
GCTNPCM |
| Chen 2010 [71] | -CCMD-3 -ICD -10 |
-Moxibustion -Auricular-plaster therapy Duration:22-23 d |
Auricular-plaster therapy Duration:22-23d |
37 (M: -,F: -); AGE:18-72 (mean:48); Disease duration: 2 m-7y |
26 (M: -,F: -); AGE:18-72 (mean:48); Disease duration: 2 m-7 y |
Unclear |
| Li 2010 [72] | -CCMD-2-R -CD&TETCMD&S |
-Thunder-fire moxibustion -Acupuncture Duration:10-30 d |
Acupuncture Duration:10-30d |
35 (M: 15, F: 20); AGE: (mean: 35.6); Disease duration: (mean: 3.3 y); |
35 (M: 16, F: 19); AGE: (mean: 33.6); Disease duration: (mean: 3.6 y); |
GCTNPCM |
Twenty-two trials (n = 1,971) conducted in China were included in this study
CCMD-2-R = Chinese classification and diagnostic criteria for mental disorders second edition-revision; CCDM-3 = Chinese classification and criteria for disorders 3rd edition; CDT&ETCMD&S = Criteria of Diagnosis and Therapeutic Effects for TCM Disease and Syndrome; GCTNPCM = Guideline for Clinical Trials of New Patent Chinese Medicine; ICD-10 = International Classification of Disease, 10th Version; PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; M = month; Y = year; D = day; W = week