Table 3.

Results of analysis of hiccups data by maximum likelihood and penalized maximum likelihood logistic regression methods

Variable	Ordinary logistic regression					Penalized logistic regression
	beta	SE	P value	OR	95% CI of OR	beta	SE	P value	OR	95% CI* of OR
Intercept	−14.15	377.90	0.9701	47287.44	—	−3.08	2.09	0.1412	0.05	(0.00, 1.30)
Hyponatremia: Yes	2.38	0.82	0.0036	10.76	(2.17, 53.41)	2.06	0.75	0.0057	7.88	(2.06, 38.86)
Gender: Male	12.86	377.90	0.9729	>999.999	(<0.001, >999.999)	1.68	1.82	0.3561	5.35	(0.42, 816.48)
Renal disease: Present	0.06	0.79	0.9346	1.07	(0.23, 5.02	0.16	0.75	0.8309	1.17	(0.25, 4.81)
Age (years)	−0.03	0.03	0.3481	0.97	(0.91, 1.03)	−0.02	0.03	0.4856	0.98	(0.92, 1.03)
Creatine (mg/dL)	0.96	0.44	0.0301	2.62	(1.10, 6.27)	0.77	0.39	0.0493	2.16	(1.16, 5.58)
AIC	80.82					70.02
−2 Log L	68.82					58.02

SE – Standard error; OR – Odds ratio; CI – Confidence interval; *Profile penalized likelihood-based CI