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. 2016 Apr-Jun;62(2):80–85. doi: 10.4103/0022-3859.180546

Table 3.

Risk of smoking behavior associated with adolescents’ beliefs and attitudes toward smoking by their sex, Madinah, Al Madinah Region, Saudi Arabia

Factors* OR 95% CI
Belief that smoking is harmful to health
 All subjects 0.65 0.49-0.83
 Males 0.80 0.58-1.10
 Females 0.55 0.35-0.91
Belief that smoking affects body weight
 All subjects 1.05 0.89-1.25
 Males 1.25 1.01-1.54
 Females 0.98 0.68-1.18
Belief that boy smokers have more friends
 All subjects 1.08 0.91-1.27
 Males 1.10 0.92-1.43
 Females 0.97 0.70-1.23
Belief that girl smokers have more friends
 All subjects 1.30 1.10-1.53
 Males 1.40 1.10-1.80
 Females 1.05 0.86-1.40
Belief that boy smokers are more attractive
 All subjects 1.70 1.41-2.06
 Males 1.38 1.06-1.79
 Females 2.20 1.70-2.90
Belief that girl smokers are more attractive
 All subjects 1.64 1.30-2.05
 Males 1.70 1.20-2.20
 Females 1.35 0.93-2.10
Belief that smoking helps people feel comfortable in social gatherings
 All subjects 2.70 2.20-3.27
 Males 2.95 2.22-3.87
 Females 2.50 1.90-3.40

*Reference group constituted those who did not believe in the studied factors in the corresponding category, ORs are adjusted by age, sex, school level, pocket money, parental education, and family structure,OR: Odds ratio, CI: Confidence interval