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. 2016 Jun;13(2):248–259. doi: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2016.0023

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Copyright 2016 Cancer Biology & Medicine

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 4.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

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HSCs and LSCs in bone marrow niche. Normal HSCs and LSCs reside in a BM niche created by MSC and endothelial cells that is perivascular and located in trabecular bone adjacent to sinusoids. The endothelial sinusoid is surrounded by nestin and/or leptin receptors positive MSC with high expression of the chemokine CXCL12, which is a chemoattractant for CXCR4-expressing HSCs. CD146 mesenchymal progenitors facilitate transendothelial migration, homing, proliferation, and differentiation of normal HSCs and LSCs. Bone marrow niche is hypoxic regulated by HIF-1 and HIF-2. LSC proliferation results in expansion of hypoxic microenvironmental niches.